A nebuliser cup for maintaining a safe level of liquid during nebulization, the cup comprising a liquid level sensor comprising: a first element sensing liquid at or below a position corresponding to a filled liquid level in the nebuliser cup; a second element electrically isolated from the first element and located at a position corresponding to a filled liquid level in the nebuliser cup; and wherein when the cup is not filled with a liquid to the filled liquid level, the first element, the liquid and the second element do not form an electrically coupled circuit; and when the cup is filled with a liquid to the filled to liquid level, the first element, the liquid and the second element together form an electrically coupled circuit.

A contacting device is provided for an impedance limit switch, the contacting device including: a printed circuit board having an electrically conductive contact surface; a radially disposed annular spring configured to establish electrical contact between the electrically conductive contact surface of the printed circuit board and at least one electrode of the impedance limit switch; and a non-conductive housing element. An impedance limit switch is also provided, including the contacting device; an electronic cup; and a measuring head configured to carry out a conductive and/or capacitive measurement and to record measurement data, the contacting device being configured to transmit the measurement data from the measuring head to the electronic cup via the contacting unit.

A level measuring device for level and/or limit determination and for measuring an impedance of a filling material is provided. The level measuring device comprises a measuring probe, arranged for measuring the impedance of the filling material. Further comprising a signal generation unit, arranged for generating a first frequency signal with variable frequency, wherein the measuring probe is supplied with the first frequency signal and outputs a measuring signal. Further, a measurement converter arranged to convert the measurement signal into a mixed signal, wherein the mixed signal has a phase difference with respect to the first frequency signal. Furthermore, the level measuring device comprises a phase difference measuring unit, which is arranged to determine an amplitude-phase characteristic of the filling material measured by the measuring probe, by means of the phase and amplitude difference between the first frequency signal and the mixed signal.

A urine handling system capsule for releasing an oil mixture in the lumen of a urine handling system, the capsule comprising a capsule wall defining a space filled with an oil mixture, wherein the oil mixture comprises 90-100% of an oil selected from the group consisting of silicone fluids and mineral oils or a mixture thereof, and having a viscosity of at most 600 cSt, and wherein the capsule wall is made of a water-soluble material. A urine measurement system comprising an oil mixture arranged in the luminal space of the measurement system. A method for inhibiting impairment of functionality and measurement accuracy in a urine measurement system comprising applying an oil mixture to the inner surfaces of the urine measurement system. Use of an oil mixture in treatment of luminal surfaces of a urine handling system.

A urine handling system capsule (105) for releasing an oil mixture in the lumen of a urine handling system, the capsule (105) comprising a capsule wall defining a space filled with an oil mixture, wherein the oil mixture comprises 90-100% of an oil selected from the group consisting of silicone fluids and mineral oils or a mixture thereof, and having a viscosity of at most 600 cSt, and wherein the capsule wall is made of a water-soluble material. A urine measurement system (101) comprising an oil mixture arranged in the luminal space of the measurement system. A method for inhibiting impairment of functionality and measurement accuracy in a urine measurement system comprising applying an oil mixture to the inner surfaces of the urine measurement system. Use of an oil mixture in treatment of luminal surfaces of a urine handling system.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, a method for detecting a liquid level includes providing a container (402) having a cavity, and disposing a sensor (102) in the cavity of the container (402), such that a ground pattern (310) on a first surface of the sensor (102) is positioned to contact a liquid in the cavity. A first electrode (104) and a second electrode (106) are located on a second surface of the sensor (102). The sensor (102) is coupled to a sensor input and a sensor driver. A cable coupling the sensor (102) to a touch sensor (116) comprises a shield line (112, 114) that is coupled to ground.

In a method of operating a sensor assembly for a fluid tank of a motor vehicle, plural sensor elements of the sensor assembly are electrically connected to a sensor controller. The sensor controller determines measuring data from the sensor elements, and transmits the measuring data from at least some of the sensor elements separately and at least in part sequentially to a reprogrammable control unit.

Provided is a chemical analysis apparatus which has a stirring function for stirring, by using an ultrasonic element, a reagent or the like and a sample to be measured, and with which it is possible to infer the presence or absence of a reaction liquid and estimate the liquid amount of the reaction liquid without using a means such as a sensor and a visual inspection. This chemical analysis apparatus has an ultrasonic stirring mechanism and is characterized in that the ultrasonic stirring mechanism comprises: a piezoelectric element; a plurality of electrodes provided to the piezoelectric element; a power source unit for applying voltage to the electrodes; a detection unit for measuring electric impedance for each of the plurality of electrodes or for any combination of the electrodes; and an analysis unit for determining the liquid amount in a reaction vessel from the electric impedance detected by the detection unit. The chemical analysis apparatus is characterized in that the detection unit measures the electric impedance in a state where a reaction vessel having two or more different amounts of liquid dispensed therein faces the piezoelectric element, and the analysis unit estimates the liquid amount in the reaction vessel on the basis of the change amount in the electric impedance measured by the detection unit.

The present invention provides a system for measuring instantaneous inflow rate of liquid, comprising: a receptacle, comprising an opening at a top side, a nozzle at a bottom and/or multiple holes on the side section of said receptacle configured to receive the inflow of liquid from said top opening, and simultaneously release said liquid through said nozzles; a sensing device, configured to sense the level of liquid within the receptacle and produce signals indicative of the level of liquid in the receptacle; and a processor, configured to receive said signals, calculate the level of liquid in the receptacle according to said signals; and analyze said calculations, to obtain the instantaneous inflow rate of liquid.

The present inventions is concerned with an apparatus and a method of improving the accuracy of coating a ceramic or metallic honeycomb body, which can usually be used as a catalyst in automotive exhaust mitigation. The invention achieves to directly test whether the coating slurry in the coating chamber is ready to be submitted to the monolith or needs to be replaced before coating the monolith.