A first detection electrode is provided on an insulating layer. A second detection electrode is provided away from the first detection electrode on the insulating layer, and forms a capacitance together with the first detection electrode. The protection layer covers the first detection electrode and the second detection electrode, has a thickness d satisfying 1 μm≤d≤10 μm, and is made of zirconia or alumina. The protection layer is a sintered body.

Collection vessel fill-indicator assemblies and mowers with collection vessel fill-indicator assemblies are provided. A collection vessel fill-indicator assembly includes a capacitance element configured to be disposed adjacent to a collection vessel of a mower to detect a fill state of the collection vessel; and an interference guard disposed around a portion of the capacitance element to shield the capacitance element from interference.

A pathogen transport modelled biomimetic sensor includes a stack of capacitive electrodes with a plurality of gaps therebetween. The gaps and electrodes are structured and arranged to model an outer layer and one or more sublayers of fresh food of interest. The electrodes are arranged to provide multiple measurable impedances that are affected in response to cell or polymeric biofilm presence that affects the electrostatic field around and between the electrodes and consequently changes the measurable impedances.

The present invention provides a liquid level sensor and an automatic calibration process which removes the need for prior manual calibration of the liquid level sensor, as this happens dynamically during installation and use of the pump. Further, by frequently monitoring the calibration of the sensor and correcting for long term drift or contamination on the sensing surface, the reliability of the liquid level sensor is considerably better than those of the prior art. By operating a solid state sensor, there are no moving parts in the liquid level sensor described above.

The present invention provides a liquid level sensor and an automatic calibration process which removes the need for prior manual calibration of the liquid level sensor, as this happens dynamically during installation and use of the pump. Further, by frequently monitoring the calibration of the sensor and correcting for long term drift or contamination on the sensing surface, the reliability of the liquid level sensor is considerably better than those of the prior art. By operating a solid state sensor, there are no moving parts in the liquid level sensor described above.

A pipetting apparatus and method capable of detecting a liquid within an intermediate section of a pipette tube of the pipetting apparatus. The intermediate section is located between an upper section of the pipette tube at which a first electrode is arranged and a lower section at which a second electrode is arranged. The first and second electrodes form a measurement capacitor and are operationally connected to an impedance measurement unit, which is adapted to detect whether liquid, such as a portion of a sample liquid or system liquid, is present within the intermediate section based on the measured impedance or change of impedance, e.g. an increase of the capacitance and/or a decrease of the resistance, of the measurement capacitor caused by a presence of the liquid within the intermediate section.

A printed circuit board device includes: a first capacitive sensor configured to measure a first capacitance within a contained volume having known dimensions, wherein the first capacitance changes as a substance is received into the contained volume; a second capacitive sensor having a plurality of trigger points at a plurality of corresponding known heights within the contained volume, the second capacitive sensor configured to detect when the substance received into the contained volume has reached each of the corresponding known heights within the contained volume; and wherein at least one of a level of the substance within the contained volume, a volume of the substance within the contained volume, or a flow rate of the substance into the contained volume is determined based on data from the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor.

A printed circuit board device includes: a first capacitive sensor configured to measure a first capacitance within a contained volume having known dimensions, wherein the first capacitance changes as a substance is received into the contained volume; a second capacitive sensor having a plurality of trigger points at a plurality of corresponding known heights within the contained volume, the second capacitive sensor configured to detect when the substance received into the contained volume has reached each of the corresponding known heights within the contained volume; and wherein at least one of a level of the substance within the contained volume, a volume of the substance within the contained volume, or a flow rate of the substance into the contained volume is determined based on data from the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor.

In one aspect the present disclosure relates to a sensor for measuring at least one physical or chemical parameter of a cartridge filled with a liquid substance. In a further aspect the disclosure relates to a drug delivery device equipped with such a sensor, wherein the sensor includes a planar flexible foil having a first section and having a second section separated from the first section, at least one measurement electrode located on the flexible foil, wherein the flexible foil is wrappable into a wrapped configuration in which the foil forms at least a first wrap with an inner diameter that is equal to or larger than an outer diameter of the cartridge, wherein in the wrapped configuration the first section and the second section at least partially overlap, at least one fastener located in one of the first and second section and configured to attach to the other one of the first and second sections for keeping the flexible foil in the wrapped configuration.

A device for monitoring a liquid level of a liquid storage tank for a vehicle is capable of improving sensing sensitivity of a liquid level sensor by employing a structure capable of amplifying an electromotive force, which is generated by an electrode, at an electromotive force amplification layer including a carbon micro coil (CMC) and accurately sensing a frozen state of a liquid to perform a heating function so as to resolve the frozen state of the liquid.