An arrangement for detection of the amount of material in a supply container of a machine for application of material to a field comprises a data entry device for receiving fill level data concerning an amount of material present in the supply container at a specific time point and an outflow sensor for detection of the amount of material that has flowed out of the supply container. A computer device connected to the data entry device and outflow sensor, the computing device is programmed to calculate the current amount of material in the supply container using the obtained fill level data and the signals of the outflow sensor obtained after the specific time point, and to issue a warning signal if the amount of material in the supply container goes below a predetermined level.

A sensor system includes a sensor operatively connected to a liquid storage vessel. An electronics unit is operatively connected to the sensor. The electronics unit includes a power source for providing electrical excitation to the sensor. An antenna is operatively connected to the electronics unit to receive data there from and to provide power to the power source. The antenna is wirelessly connected to a remote processing unit to transmit data thereto and to receive power there from.

Disclosed is a method for a radar-based fill level measurement according to the pulse transit time method. Also disclosed a fill level measuring device for carrying out said method. On the basis of an evaluation signal, the relation between the clock rate and the sampling rate, and a predefined target relation, an evaluation curve is generated. The fill level is thereby determined on the basis of said evaluation curve. The evaluation curve is generated by means of temporal expansion or compression of the evaluation signal, wherein the compression or the expansion is carried out as a function of a ratio between the measured relation and the target relation. Any deviation of the sampling rate from the setpoint value of the sampling rate, for example due to faulty control, is compensated. Thus, the potentially attainable accuracy of the fill level measurement is increased due to the invention.

A method can include emitting, from a light source, directional light through fuel contained in a fuel tank, and determining a refraction angle of the directional light after the directional light passes through an interface with the fuel. The method can further include determining, by a processing device, an index of refraction of the fuel based on the determined refraction angle, and determining, by the processing device, a density of the fuel based on the determined index of refraction of the fuel.

A method can include illuminating an interior of a fuel tank with one or more light pulses, and receiving reflected returns of the one or more light pulses at a light sensor array. The method can further include producing, by a processing device, three-dimensional image data of the interior of the fuel tank based on the received reflected returns, producing, by the processing device, a fuel measurement value representing an amount of fuel contained in the fuel tank based on the three-dimensional image data, and outputting, by the processing device, an indication of the fuel measurement value.

A method can include generating reference image data representing a field of view of an interior of a fuel tank, and generating active image data representing the field of view of the interior of the fuel tank when the fuel tank contains fuel. The method can further include producing, by a processing device, a fuel measurement value representing an amount of fuel contained in the fuel tank based on the reference image data and the active image data, and outputting, by the processing device, an indication of the fuel measurement value.

There is provided a sensor system capable of being used semi-permanently in a maintenance-free state without exchanging batteries as well as being installed in an already-existing manhole lid by a simple work on the spot, and having a measurement unit, a power source unit, and a communication unit, and installed in a manhole lid, wherein the power source unit includes a thermoelectric power generation module configured to generate electric power by a difference in temperature between a first heat transfer unit thermally connected to the manhole lid and a second heat transfer unit thermally connected to a heat radiating unit within a manhole, and the measurement unit and the communication unit are driven by electric power generated by the thermoelectric power generation module and measurement data of the measurement unit is transmitted to the outside via the communication unit.

The invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and specifically to methods for monitoring the filling of railway tanks with liquid products, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, and food products, and may be used for monitoring the level to which railway tank cars are filled during the loading of liquid products itself in order to avoid (prevent) the overfilling or underfilling of tank cars. A method for monitoring the level to which railway lank cars are filled during the loading of liquid products is characterized in that, prior to beginning to fill a tank, a calculated tank loading level (H.sub.1) is determined on the basis of the calculated temperature (t°.sub.calculated) of a product to be loaded, the calculated loading level (H.sub.1) is marked with the help of a load level monitoring device, which device includes a rod having a bar which is mounted at the calculated loading level (H.sub.1), and which device is positioned within the tank. The next step involves visually monitoring the moment at which the level of the product to be loaded reaches the calculated loading level (H.sub.1) marked by the bar. During loading of the product, a thermal imaging device is used for measuring the actual temperature (t°.sub.current) of the product to be loaded, wherein the calculated tank loading level (H.sub.1) is adjusted if the actual temperature (t°.sub.current) increases or decreases relative to the calculated temperature (t.sub.calculated). A device for monitoring the level to which railway tank cars are filled during the loading of liquid products includes, positioned inside a tank, a rod with a bar, which bar is mounted at the calculated tank loading level (H.sub.1), and a thermal imaging device, intended for measuring the temperature of the product to he loaded. The technical result consists in increasing tank loading precision by monitoring the actual temperature of a product to be loaded, and adjusting a calculated loading level if the temperature changes relative to the calculated temperature.

A system includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores instructions executable by the processor to, upon determining that a first fluid level in a vehicle container is below a threshold based on fluid level sensor data, determine a second fluid level based on a fluid consumption signal and the fluid level sensor, and to navigate the vehicle based on the determined second fluid level.

A device and a method for detecting a water level of a water trap in a fuel cell can accurately output a water level of water collected in the water trap by reaction of the fuel cell. The device and the method for detecting a water level of a water trap can detect a change in a surrounding temperature of a water level sensor by mounting a separate temperature sensor in the water level sensor and accurately output the water level in the water trap regardless of the change of the surrounding temperature through a water sensor output value correction algorithm based on a detected temperature.