A smart light control system includes a light source device and a controller. The light source device has a plurality of transparent parts and a plurality of sensors, and the sensors are separately disposed beside a light source, and the sensors correspond to the transparent parts in terms of position, wherein a channel is formed for light to pass through between each sensor and its corresponding transparent part, and in addition, the controller is connected with the sensors The sensors send sensed signals to the controller according to the brightness of light beams, and the brightness of the light source is adaptively adjusted by the controller so as to achieve the purpose of improving the control efficiency and safety of the light source through the smart control.

A summation circuit (1) for summing one or more signals received from a photomultiplier array is proposed. The summation circuit comprises one or more readout circuits (5) coupleable to one or more photodiodes of the photomultiplier array (2), respectively, and a channel summing module (50), coupled at one or more outputs of the one or more readout circuits, respectively, to sum the one or more signals provided by the one or more readout circuits. The one or more readout circuits are coupleable to the photodiode of the photomultiplier array. Each readout circuit (5) comprises one or more coefficient controllers (C1, C2) for controlling multiplying coefficients of the received signal. The coefficient controllers may be placed at the input and/or at the output of the readout circuits (5).

The generation of photocurrent in an ideal two-dimensional Dirac spectrum is symmetry forbidden. In sharp contrast, a three-dimensional Weyl semimetal can generically support significant photocurrent due to the combination of inversion symmetry breaking and finite tilts of the Weyl spectrum. To realize this photocurrent, a noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal is coupled to a pair of electrodes and illuminated with circularly polarized light without any voltage applied to the Weyl semimetal. The wavelength of the incident light can range over tens of microns and can be adjusted by doping the Weyl semimetal to change its chemical potential.

A smart light control system includes a light source device and a controller. The light source device has a plurality of transparent parts and a plurality of sensors, and the sensors are separately disposed beside a light source, and the sensors correspond to the transparent parts in terms of position, wherein a channel is formed for light to pass through between each sensor and its corresponding transparent part, and in addition, the controller is connected with the sensors The sensors send sensed signals to the controller according to the brightness of light beams, and the brightness of the light source is adaptively adjusted by the controller so as to achieve the purpose of improving the control efficiency and safety of the light source through the smart control.

Disclosed is a single photon detector comprising a semiconductor substrate and a 2D material layer provided adjacent to the semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate includes a first well having a first conductivity type, a heavily doped region having a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type, and a depletion region provided between the first well and the heavily doped region.

A photon detector system for detecting photons emitted from an optical fiber, the photon detector system comprising a receiving mechanism for receiving the optical fiber; a photon detector comprising a superconducting element and aligned with the receiving mechanism, the photon detector having an active area for detecting photons emitted from an end-face of the optical fiber received in the receiving mechanism and an urging mechanism for urging together the photon detector and the optical fiber.

A superconducting medium includes a first layer made of a first superconductor and a second layer made of a second superconductor. The first layer has a first thickness less than a first coherence length of the first superconductor. The second layer has a second thickness less than a second coherence length of the second superconductor so as to induce a proximity effect between the first layer and the second layer. The proximity effect can induce desirable properties in the resulting superconducting medium. Controlling the thickness ratio of the first layer to the second layer can also tune the property of the superconducting medium.

Deformable optoelectronic devices are provided, including photodetectors, photodiodes, and photovoltaic cells. The devices can be made on a variety of paper substrates, and can include a plurality of fold segments in the paper substrate creating a deformable pattern. Thin electrode layers and semiconductor nanowire layers can be attached to the substrate, creating the optoelectronic device. The devices can be highly deformable, e.g. capable of undergoing strains of 500% or more, bending angles of 25 or more, and/or twist angles of 270 or more. Methods of making the deformable optoelectronic devices and methods of using, e.g. as a photodetector, are also provided.

Provided are a photon detection device and a photon detection method being practical, capable of performing photon detection in which no afterpulse is generated and generation of a dark count is suppressed, and capable of obtaining a high counting rate with low jitter. The photon detection device of the present invention includes: a photon detection section having a long plate-shaped superconducting stripline whose plate surface is a photon detection surface, and a bias current supply section supplying a bias current to the superconducting stripline; and a single flux quantum comparator circuit capable of detecting magnetic flux scattered from the superconducting stripline upon photon detection.

An ultraviolet-ray (UV) sensor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the UV sensor includes a piezoelectric material, a sensing film arranged on the piezoelectric material and senses ultraviolet rays, an elastic wave input unit arranged on one end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and provides the sensing film with an elastic wave generated based on an electrical signal and an elastic wave output unit arranged on the other end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and senses a change in frequency of the electrical signal generated based on the provided elastic wave. The UV sensor improves sensitivity of the sensor by enabling the particles having large surface areas due to their characteristics to react with a larger amount of ultraviolet rays. the UV sensor can secure price competitiveness since the UV sensor measures a change in frequency of the elastic wave using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles.