Embodiments disclosed herein include an optical sensor system for use in plasma processing tools. In an embodiment, the optical sensor system, comprises an optically clear body with a first surface and a second surface facing away from the first surface. In an embodiment, the optically clear body further comprises a third surface that is recessed from the second surface. In an embodiment, the optical sensor system further comprises a target over the third surface and a first reflector to optically couple the first surface to the target.

A light irradiation apparatus that splits white light into light rays of a plurality of wavelengths to apply the light ray includes a white light source, a diffraction grating that splits white light emitted by the white light source into light rays of a plurality of wavelengths, and a light selector that selects a light ray of a specified wavelength from the light rays of the plurality of wavelengths split by the diffraction grating.

A system for real-time assessment of systemic hydration includes a light source configured to operably emit light of first and second wavelengths; means for delivering the emitted light to a target site to excite at least one first spot at the target site, and collecting Raman scattering light scattered from the target site at a plurality of second spots; a detector coupled with said means for obtaining a plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra from the collected Raman scattering light, each spatially offset Raman spectrum corresponding to a respective second spot of the target site and associated with a depth of tissues at which the Raman scattering light is scattered; and a controller configured to process the plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra so as to identify spectral features from the plurality of spatially offset Raman spectra, and assess systemic hydration from the identified spectral features.

A reflectometry instrument includes a light source for emitting an illumination beam that illuminates the macula. A portion of the illumination beam is reflected from the macula and forms a detection beam. The detection beam is indicative of macular pigment in the macula. The instrument also includes a first mirror for reflecting the illumination beam toward the macula and for reflecting the detection beam from the macula. The instrument is configured so that the illumination beam and the detection beam remain separated between the macula and the first mirror.

A spectroscopic module includes a support body having a bottom wall portion and a side wall portion surrounding a space on one side of the bottom wall portion, a spectroscopic portion provided on the one side of the bottom wall portion and having a plurality of grating grooves, a photodetector attached to the side wall portion so as to face the spectroscopic portion via the space and having a plurality of photodetection channels, a plurality of first terminals provided on a surface of the support body on a side opposite to the space so as to be disposed along the surface of the support body and electrically connected to the photodetector, and a wiring unit having a plurality of second terminals respectively facing the plurality of first terminals and respectively joined to the plurality of first terminals and a plurality of third terminals respectively and electrically connected to the plurality of second terminals.

Described herein are optical sensing devices for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). A PIC may comprise a plurality of waveguides formed in a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, and a plurality of heterogeneous lasers, each laser formed from a silicon material of the SOI substrate and to emit an output wavelength comprising an infrared wavelength. Each of these lasers may comprise a resonant cavity included in one of the plurality of waveguides, and a gain material comprising a non-silicon material and adiabatically coupled to the respective waveguide. A light directing element may direct outputs of the plurality of heterogeneous lasers from the PIC towards an object, and one or more detectors may detect light from the plurality of heterogeneous lasers reflected from or transmitted through the object.

An endoscopic imaging system for use in a light deficient environment includes an imaging device having a tube, one or more image sensors, and a lens assembly including at least one optical elements that corresponds to the one or more image sensors. The endoscopic system includes a display for a user to visualize a scene and an image signal processing controller. The endoscopic system includes a light engine having an illumination source generating one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation and a lumen transmitting one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a distal tip of an endoscope.

An image sensor assembly includes at least one upconverter configured to detect light in a NIR waveband that is received from an object to be imaged and generate, based on the detected light, upconverted light that is outside of the NIR waveband; and at least one image sensor configured to detect the upconverted light.

A sampling module for providing an illumination beam onto an object and collecting a measurement beam reflected thereby to at least one measurement device is provided. The sampling module includes at least one illumination module, a light collecting element, and at least one light receiving module. The illumination module provides the illumination beam. The light collecting element has a first opening and an internal space. The illumination module is disposed in the first opening. The illumination beam is transmitted to the object in the internal space. The light receiving module is connected to the light collecting element and includes a case and a lens set. A distance between the sampling module and the object is greater than 0 mm. The measurement beam is transmitted by the object through the lens set to be incident onto the measurement device.

A detection assembly and a method for producing a detection assemblies are disclosed. In an embodiment a detection arrangement includes an emitter configured to generate radiation having a peak wavelength in an infrared spectral range, a detector configured to receive the radiation, a mounting surface comprising at least a first contact surface and a second contact surface for external electrical connection of the detection arrangement, a form body adjoining the emitter and the detector at least in places and deflection optics, on which the radiation impinges during operation of the detection arrangement so that an optical path is formed between the emitter and the detector by the deflection optics, wherein the deflection optics include a scattering body into which the radiation enters during the operation through a surface of the scattering body facing the emitter.