Apparatuses and methods for microscopic analysis of a sample using spatial light manipulation to increase signal to noise ratio are described herein.

The present invention includes: a light supply part; an interfering light formation part; and a detection part, in which the interfering light formation part includes a fixed reflection part, a movable reflection part, and a moving part that moves and fixes the movable reflection part along a base plane, the fixed reflection part includes a first reflection surface that reflects supplied light supplied from the light supply part and a second reflection surface provided so as to be plane-symmetrical with the first reflection surface with respect to the base plane and to be orthogonal to the first reflection surface, and the movable reflection part includes a third reflection surface and a fourth reflection surface parallel to a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface of the fixed reflection part, respectively.

A light source device includes a first light source to provide a first input light beam in the direction of a central axis of the light source device, a second light source to provide a second input light beam in the direction of the central axis, a central reflector, a catadioptric reflector to focus light of the first input light beam to the central reflector, and to focus light of the second input light beam to the central reflector, and at least one actuator to change the angular position of the central reflector, so as to cause the central reflector to form an output beam by sequentially reflecting light of the first input light beam and light of the second input light beam to the axial direction.

Aspects relate to a spectral analyzer that can be used for biological sample detection. The spectral analyzer includes an optical window configured to receive a sample and a spectral sensor including a chassis having various component assembled thereon. Examples of components may include a light source, a light modulator, illumination and collection optical elements, a detector, and a processor. The spectral analyzer is configured to obtain spectral data representative of a spectrum of the sample using, for example, an artificial intelligence (AI) engine. The spectral analyzer further includes a thermal separator positioned between the light modulator and the light source.

A spectrometer that includes: a first diffraction grating configured to spectroscopically process provided light; a first detection unit configured to condense light spectroscopically processed by the first diffraction grating and to output an electrical signal corresponding to condensed light; a second diffraction grating configured to spectroscopically process 0.sup.th order light provided by the first diffraction grating; and a second detection unit configured to condense light spectroscopically processed by the second diffraction grating and to output an electrical signal corresponding to condensed light.

This invention relates to a light delivery and collection device for performing spectroscopic analysis of a subject. The light delivery and collection device comprises a reflective cavity with two apertures. The first aperture is configured to receive excitation light which then diverges and projects onto the second aperture. The second aperture is configured to be applied close to the subject such that the reflective cavity substantially forms an enclosure covering a large area of the subject. The excitation light enters and interacts with the covered area of the subject to produce inelastic scattering and/or fluorescence emission from the subject. The reflective cavity has a specular reflective surface with high reflectivity to the excitation light as well as to the inelastic scattering and/or fluorescence emission from the subject. The reflective cavity reflects the excitation light that is reflected and/or back-scattered from the subject and redirects it towards the subject. This causes more excitation light to penetrate into a diffusely scattering subject to produce inelastic scattering and/or fluorescence emission from inside of the subject hence enabling sub-surface measurement. In addition, the reflective cavity reflects the inelastic scattering and/or fluorescence emission from the subject unless the inelastic scattering and/or fluorescence emission either emits from the first aperture of the reflective cavity to be measured with a spectrometer device, or re-enters the subject at the second aperture. This multi-reflection process improves the collection efficiency of the inelastic scattering or fluorescence emission from the subject.

A spectroscope including: a spectral element that is configured to spectrally separate signal light; a first optical system that is configured to condense spectroscopic light spectrally separated by the spectral element; and an optical receiver that is configured to receive the spectroscopic light; wherein the optical receiver includes a plurality of regions different sensitivities with respect to a wavelength characteristics of the spectroscopic light.

This invention relates to a light delivery and collection device for measuring Raman scattering from a large area of a sample. The light delivery and collection device comprises a reflective cavity made of a material or having a surface coating with high reflectivity to the excitation light and the Raman scattered light. The reflective cavity has two apertures. The first aperture is configured to receive the excitation light which then projects onto the second aperture. The second aperture is configured to be applied close to the sample such that the reflective cavity substantially forms an enclosure covering a large area of the sample. The excitation light produces Raman scattered light from the covered area of the sample. The reflective cavity reflects any excitation light and Raman light scattered from the sample unless the excitation light and the Raman scattered light either emit from the first aperture to be measured with a spectrometer device, or are re-scattered by the sample at the second aperture. The multi-reflection of the reflective cavity greatly improves the excitation efficiency of Raman scattering from the sample and in the meantime enhances its collection efficiency. In addition, it also causes more excitation light to penetrate into a diffusely scattering sample and allows efficient collection of the Raman scattered light generated thereof, hence enabling sub-surface Raman scattering measurement.

An optical head for receiving an incident light is provided. The optical head comprises a reflective diffuser and a reflector disposed to face the reflective diffuser. The reflective diffuser is disposed in an optical path of the incident light and shields the reflector from the incident light. The reflective diffuser converts the incident light to scattered light having a Lambertian pattern. The reflector has an optical output section that transmits the scattered light and a reflective section that reflects the scattered light to the reflective diffuser and/or the other portions of the reflective sections. An optical system using the optical head is also provided.

A color capture arrangement and a method for correcting a captured brightness of an object are disclosed. In an embodiment the color capture arrangement includes a directed light source configured to direct light towards the object to be identified, evaluation electronics and a color capture device including at least three color identification sensors configured to receiving radiation reflected by the object and funnels as light-guiding elements, wherein each funnel is disposed upstream of a color identification sensor, and wherein at least one of the color identification sensors is a distance sensor.