A system for providing optical measurements and detection in optical spectrum analyzers (OSAs) with high dynamic range and high speed is disclosed. The system may include a slit to allow inward passage of an optical beam. The system may also include an optical portion to receive the optical beam. In some examples, the optical portion may include at least one optical splitter to split the optical beam into at least two optical paths. The system may also include an electrical portion to receive the optical beams split into the at least two optical paths. In some examples, the electrical portion may include at least one photodetector to receive each of the split optical beam. The electrical portion may also include at least one amplifier communicatively coupled to each of the at least one photodetector to amplify the split optical beam. The electrical portion may further include at least one analog-to-digital converter (ADC) communicatively coupled to each of the at least one amplifier to convert the split optical beams into digital signals.

An on-chip interferometer and a spectrometer including the interferometer are provided. An on-chip interferometer includes a waveguide for propagation of an optical signal including an input waveguide; at least two interferometer arms having one or more slot waveguides; and an output waveguide; wherein the input waveguide is split into the at least two interferometer arms which are recombined into the output waveguide; and a control mechanism configured for controlling a relative time delay between optical signals propagating in the two interferometer arms by modifying one or more slot widths of one or more of the slot waveguides; and wherein the relative time delay is at least 1, 2, 5, or at least 10 fs or at least one optical period of the longest optical wavelength of the optical signal.

A fluorescence photometer includes a photometer unit and an optical fiber unit. The photometer unit includes a light source, an excitation-side spectroscope for separating light emitted from the light source to generate excitation light, and a fluorescence-side spectroscope for separating fluorescent light emitted from a sample irradiated with the excitation light to generate monochromatic light. The optical fiber unit guides the excitation light to the sample placed outside the photometer unit and guides the fluorescent light emitted from the sample to the photometer unit and includes an image fiber for capturing an image of the sample, an excitation-side fiber arranged around the image fiber and for guiding the excitation light to the sample, and a fluorescence-side fiber arranged around the image fiber and to guide the fluorescent light emitted from the sample to the photometer unit. The excitation-side fiber and the fluorescence-side fiber are arranged to surround the image fiber.

Apparatus and methods are presented for spectral domain optical imaging, in particular for single shot 3-D spectral domain imaging of the retina of the human eye. In certain embodiments one or more 3-D images across elongated areas of an object are acquired, with scanning perpendicular to the long axis of the elongated areas for imaging extended volumes of the object. In preferred embodiments the captured light is sampled in the Fourier plane, in a dimension substantially perpendicular to the long axis, with a cylindrical lenslet array, while in other embodiments the captured light is sampled in the image plane. Apparatus and methods are also presented for hyperspectral imaging of the retina, with the illuminating beams preferably angled to suppress interference from corneal reflections. Apparatus and methods are also presented for multi-wavelength wavefront sensing, with simultaneous capture of light in two or more paths with different delays.

Spectroferometers and methods of use are provided. The spectroferometers includes an enclosure, one or more interferometer beam-splitting elements, and one or more spectrometer beam-dispersing elements. The one or more interferometer beam-splitting elements and the one or more spectrometer beam-dispersing elements are housed in the enclosure, share one or more radiation sensitive elements, which are arranged to generate a signal in response to incident electromagnetic radiation, and each generate one or more optical outputs. The one or more optical outputs are arranged such that respective optical axes intersect substantially in a plane of the one or more radiation sensitive elements.

A dual optical frequency comb generator incudes a semiconductor substrate, a first optical frequency comb laser light source including a first resonator, a second optical frequency comb laser light source including a second resonator and differing in repetition frequency of optical pulses from the first optical frequency comb laser light source, two or more outputters including first and second outputters, a first optical waveguide connecting the first optical frequency comb laser light source with the first outputter, a second optical waveguide connecting the second optical frequency comb laser light source with the second outputter, and a third optical waveguide that branches off from the first optical waveguide and joins the second optical waveguide. The first optical frequency comb laser light source, the second optical frequency comb laser light source, the two or more outputters, and the optical waveguides are integrated on the semiconductor substrate.

The invention relates to a photometer (30) for analysing the composition of a sample gas. The photometer comprises an infra-red (IR) source (20) configured to direct a first plurality of pulses (40) of IR radiation through the sample gas to an IR detector (26), at least two of the first plurality of pulses being of different wavelength. The photometer further comprises an ultraviolet (UV) source (32) configured to generate a second plurality of pulses (38) of UV radiation for conveyance to a UV detector (36), at least two of the second plurality of pulses being of different wavelength. A path selection arrangement (22, 42-50) is configured to selectively convey different ones of the second plurality of pulses (38) to one of the sample gas and the UV detector (36). The photometer further comprises processing circuitry coupled to the IR source (20), the UV source (32), the IR detector (26), the UV detector (36) and the path selection arrangement (22, 42-50). The processing circuitry is configured to (i) select the wavelength to be used for a given UV pulse of the second plurality of pulses (38), (ii) receive a plurality of detection signals from each of the IR detector (26) and the UV detector (36) and (iii) based on the detection signals, determine a concentration of at least one component of the sample gas. A method for analysing the composition of a sample gas is also disclosed.

A high-sensitive contactless chromaticity measuring device according to the present invention, includes: a lens unit to receive light emitted from a measurement object; a light distribution unit including an optical fiber to receive the light passing through the lens unit and distribute the received light through n paths to output the light to the other side, wherein a numerical aperture is greater than a predetermined reference value, a condensing lens to reduce an incidence angle of the light output to the other side of the optical fiber to a target angle or more, and n color filters to transmit different wavelengths of the light passing through the condensing lens; and a signal conversion unit including a photodiode to convert the light transmitted from the light distribution unit into an electrical signal.

A device for the in-ovo determination of the sex of a fertilized bird egg, having a light source for emitting excitation radiation for exciting fluorescence in a region inside the bird egg, a spectroscopic apparatus for analysing, in a temporally and/or spectrally-resolved manner, fluorescence radiation emitted from the region inside the bird egg, an evaluation unit for determining the sex from the data determined by means of the spectro-scopic apparatus and a measuring head for jointly transmitting the excitation radiation into the bird egg and receiving the fluorescence radiation from the bird egg. The measuring head has an optical fibre system with a head end for transmitting the excitation radiation and receiving the fluorescence radiation.

Systems and methods here may be used for automated capturing and analyzing spectrometer data of multiple sample gemstones on a stage, including mapping digital camera image data of samples, applying a Raman Probe to a first sample gemstone under evaluation on the stage, receiving spectrometer data of the sample gemstone from the probe, automatically moving the stage to a second sample, using the image data, and analyzing the other samples.