In a general aspect, integrated spatial phase wafer-level imaging is described. In some aspects, an integrated imaging system an integrated image sensor and an edge processor. The integrated image sensor may include: a polarizer pixel configured to filter electromagnetic (EM) radiation and to allow filtered EM radiation having a selected polarization state to pass therethrough; a radiation-sensing pixel configured to detect the filtered EM radiation and to generate a signal in response to detecting the filtered EM radiation; and readout circuitry configured to perform analog preprocessing on the signal generated by the radiation-sensing pixel. The edge processor may be configured to: generate first-order primitives and second-order primitives based on the analog preprocessed signal from the readout circuitry; and determine a plurality of features of an object located in a field-of-view of the radiation-sensing pixel based on the first-order primitives and the second-order primitives.

Apparatuses and methods for microscopic analysis of a sample using spatial light manipulation to increase signal to noise ratio are described herein.

A broadband super-Rayleigh speckle correlated imaging spectral camera based on dispersion compensation is provided. The imaging scheme comprises, but is not limited to, a pre-compensation scheme, a post-compensation scheme, or a pre-post joint compensation scheme. The device comprises components such as a pre-imaging module, a light filter, a phase modulation module, a relay imaging module, an area array detector, and a computer. According to the present invention, the super-Rayleigh speckle modulation in a broadband is realized by matchining the dispersion characteristic of the pre-imaging module or the relay imaging module with the phase modulation module, which is applied to the correlated imaging spectral camera, so that the imaging quality of the correlated imaging spectral camera at a low signal-to-noise ratio is improved.

A monolithic optical retarder formed from a monolithic prism may include an input face for receiving a light beam, an output face aligned with an optical axis of the light beam prior to entering the input face, and three or more reflection faces. The three or more reflection faces may be oriented to provide an optical path for the light beam from the input face to the output face via reflection by the three or more reflection faces, where the monolithic optical retarder imparts a selected optical retardation on the light beam based on total internal reflection on at least one of the reflection faces. Further, the input face, the output face, and the three or more reflection faces may be oriented such that an optical axis of the light beam exiting the output face is equal to the optical axis of the light beam entering the input face.

A multispectral sensor array can include a combination of ranging sensor channels (e.g., LIDAR sensor channels) and ambient-light sensor channels tuned to detect ambient light having a channel-specific property (e.g., color). The sensor channels can be arranged and spaced to provide multispectral images of a field of view in which the multispectral images from different sensors are inherently aligned with each other to define an array of multispectral image pixels. Various optical elements can be provided to facilitate imaging operations. Light ranging/imaging systems incorporating multispectral sensor arrays can operate in rotating and/or static modes.

A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

Methods and systems are provided for separating polarized UV light. In one example, a method may include passing polarized source light through a group of at least four prisms to collimate and separate a second-harmonic generation (SHG) beam from a pump beam. The separated SHG beam may then be further passed through a spatial filter to reduce spatial distribution.

An electronic device may include a light sensor system. The light sensor system may have a light source that emits light and a light detector that receives the emitted light after the emitted light has interacted with an external object. The light source may include a ring of light-emitting diodes or other light-emitting devices surrounding the light detector or may have light-emitting devices that are surrounded by a ring-shaped light detector. Polarizer structures may be incorporated into the light sensor system. Control circuitry in the device may control the light source so that different polarizations of light are emitted at different times. The control circuitry may process signals from the light detector that are gathered under different polarizations to discriminate between specular and non-specular reflections from the external object.

A combined multi-spectral and polarization (CMSP) sensor is disclosed that enhances contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The CMSP sensor comprises a multi-spectral and polarization (MSP) filter, a single focal plane array (FPA), and a controller. The FPA comprises a plurality of detectors and the MSP filter comprises at least a first bandpass filter having a first frequency range and a second bandpass filter having a second frequency range that is distinct from the first frequency range and a first polarization filter having a first polarization value and a second polarization filter having a second polarization value that is distinct from the first polarization value.

An optical spectrum analyzer is provided that can separate measurement target light into orthogonal polarization components and perform measurement and enable optical spectrum measurement that does not depend on polarization of the measurement target light. Measurement target light is separated into two orthogonal polarization components, the two polarization components whose position is shifted in an engraved line direction of a diffraction grating are incident on the diffraction grating, diffracted light of the two polarization components emitted from the diffraction grating is condensed, and the condensed diffracted light is incident on an incident side end surface of a 2-core ferrule with the two polarization components adjacent to each other.