A modulator (300) according to the embodiment is a modulator provided between a diffraction grating (944) and an image sensor (946), receives a light ray directed to the image sensor (946) from the diffraction grating (944), and changes a travel direction of the light ray emitted toward the image sensor (946) so as to bend a recording direction of a diffraction image for each wavelength of the light ray on a light receiving surface of the image sensor (946).

A hyperspectral imaging device (100) is provided comprising an input (102) for receiving a light field from a scene (106), an encoder (108), at least one dispersive element (110, 112), at least one array detector (114, 110) and a processor (118). The encoder (108) is arranged to receive at least a portion of the light field from the input (102) and transform it to provide a first and second encoded light (120, 122) field having different spatial patterns. At least one dispersive element (110, 112) is arranged to apply spectral shear to the first and second encoded light fields (120, 122) respectively to provide first and second sheared light fields (124, 126). At least one array detector (114, 116) is arranged to detect the first and second sheared light fields (124, 126). The processor (118) is arranged to process an output from the at least one array detector (114, 116) to determine a datacube (128) corresponding to a hyperspectral image of the scene.

A gas cell (1) for the spectroscopic, in particular absorption spectroscopic, analysis of a gas, in which the gas is exposed to an incident beam of rays (S) of electromagnetic radiation and a beam of rays (S.sub.A) of electromagnetic radiation exiting the gas is detected to form a measurement signal, wherein the gas cell (1) comprises a body (10) formed by a porous, electromagnetic radiation-scattering material, an in-coupling device (20) for coupling the incident beam of rays (S) into the gas cell (1) and an out-coupling device (30) for coupling the exiting beam of rays (S.sub.A) out of the gas cell (1), wherein, according to the invention, the gas cell is further developed according to the invention by forming a material-free cavity (12) in the body (10), which is surrounded by an inner surface (14) running within the material and is both diffusely reflecting and transmitting the electromagnetic radiation.

A handheld spectrometer can be configured with a visible aiming beam to allow the user to determine the measured region of the object. When the visible aiming beam comprises the spectrometer measurement beam, the spectrometer measurement beam comprises sufficient energy for the user to see the measurement beam illuminating the object. When the visible aiming beam comprises a separate beam, the visible aiming beam comprises sufficient energy for the user to see a portion of the aiming beam reflected from the object. The visible aiming beam and measurement beam can be arranged to at least partially overlap on the sample, such that the user has an indication of the area of the sample being measured.

A system includes a first spectral modulator, a second spectral modulator, a light guide optically, a photodetector, and an electronic control device. The first spectral modulator receives sample light, and modulates the sample light according to a first spectral response pattern to produce first modulated light. The second spectral modulator receives the first modulated light from the first spectral modulator via the light guide, modulates the first modulated light according to a second spectral response pattern to produce second modulated light, and transmits the second modulated light to the photodetector. The photodetector measures an intensity of the second modulated light incident on the photodetector, and generates one or more signals corresponding to the intensity of the second modulated light. The electronic control device determines a spectral distribution of the sample light based on the one or more signals.

Provided is a measurement device including a spectroscope, a movement mechanism configured to relatively move the spectroscope in one direction, and one or more processors configured to determine whether a measurement position measured by the spectroscope is moved into a color patch, in which the one or more processors cause the spectroscope to execute measurement processing for a plurality of wavelengths set in advance while relatively moving the spectroscope in the one direction, and when at least one of amounts of variation of measured values with respect to each of the plurality of wavelengths obtained in the measurement processing exceeds a first threshold value and then each of the amounts of variation of the measured values of the plurality of wavelengths falls below a second threshold value which is less than or equal to the first threshold value, determine that the measurement position is moved into the color patch.

A spectral imager (100) may use an entrance telescope (10) to spatially image an object (O1), at least in the across-slit direction (X), onto a physical slit (Se) of a spectrometer (20). The spectrometer (20) may include a slit homogenizer (24) such as a rod lens configured to spatially image an aperture stop (AS) in the across-slit direction (X) as a virtual slit image (Ih). Formation of a detection image (Id) which is spectrally resolved along a spectral axis (X′) may includes spatially imaging the virtual slit image (Ih), at least in the across-slit direction (X), at a detector plane (Pd). This may achieve a more homogeneous illumination of the spectrometer slit and improve measurement accuracy and reproducibility.

Apparatuses and methods for microscopic analysis of a sample using spatial light manipulation to increase signal to noise ratio are described herein.

Systems and methods are provided for label-free, real-time hyperspectral imaging (HSI) endoscopy for molecular-guided surgery of cancers without the need for an exogenous contrast agent. One device is a high-speed image mapping spectrometer integrated with a white-light reflectance fiberoptic bronchoscope. The imaging system has a parallel acquisition instrument that captures a hyperspectral datacube that may be pre-processed and features extracted and a discriminative feature set is selected and used for the classification of cancer and benign tissue. An algorithm that enables fast and accurate tissue classification may also be applied that utilizes a supervised deep-learning-based framework that is trained with the clinically visible tumor and benign tissue during surgery and then applied to identify the residual tumor.

A hyperspectral image sensor includes an optical irradiator configured to irradiate light to a partial region of an object, an optical detector configured to receive detection light generated in the partial region in response to the irradiated light and generate spectrum signals, each of the spectrum signals corresponding to a respective sub-region of a plurality of sub-regions included in the partial region, and a processor configured to generate a hyperspectral image of the partial region based on the spectrum signals.