This disclosure relates to a system and a method for automated recognition of drugs. This disclosure also relates to a system for automated recognition of drugs comprising a hyper-spectral imaging system. This disclosure also relates to a hyper-spectral imaging system configured to automatically recognize drugs by using a neural network. This disclosure relates to training the neural network to identify a drug type (e.g., the name of the drug) based on an image (e.g., normal visible image and/or hyperspectral image) of the drug.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for selecting optical pathways sampling a common tissue layer, such as the dermis, of a person for analysis in a noninvasive analyte property determination systemy, comprising the steps of: probing skin with a range of illumination zone-to-detection zone distances with at least two wavelength ranges, which optionally overlap, and selecting, using a metric, illumination zone-to-detection zone distances having mean optical pathways probing the common tissue layer, such as without the mean optical pathways entering the subcutaneous fat layer of the person. Optionally, the skin tissue layers are modulated and/or treated via tissue displacement before and/or during data collection.

Described herein are optical sensing devices for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). A PIC may comprise a plurality of waveguides formed in a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, and a plurality of heterogeneous lasers, each laser formed from a silicon material of the SOI substrate and to emit an output wavelength comprising an infrared wavelength. Each of these lasers may comprise a resonant cavity included in one of the plurality of waveguides, and a gain material comprising a non-silicon material and adiabatically coupled to the respective waveguide. A light directing element may direct outputs of the plurality of heterogeneous lasers from the PIC towards an object, and one or more detectors may detect light from the plurality of heterogeneous lasers reflected from or transmitted through the object.

An endoscopic imaging system for use in a light deficient environment includes an imaging device having a tube, one or more image sensors, and a lens assembly including at least one optical elements that corresponds to the one or more image sensors. The endoscopic system includes a display for a user to visualize a scene and an image signal processing controller. The endoscopic system includes a light engine having an illumination source generating one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation and a lumen transmitting one or more pulses of electromagnetic radiation to a distal tip of an endoscope.

Apparatuses and methods for microscopic analysis of a sample using spatial light manipulation to increase signal to noise ratio are described herein.

The invention relates to a photometer (30) for analysing the composition of a sample gas. The photometer comprises an infra-red (IR) source (20) configured to direct a first plurality of pulses (40) of IR radiation through the sample gas to an IR detector (26), at least two of the first plurality of pulses being of different wavelength. The photometer further comprises an ultraviolet (UV) source (32) configured to generate a second plurality of pulses (38) of UV radiation for conveyance to a UV detector (36), at least two of the second plurality of pulses being of different wavelength. A path selection arrangement (22, 42-50) is configured to selectively convey different ones of the second plurality of pulses (38) to one of the sample gas and the UV detector (36). The photometer further comprises processing circuitry coupled to the IR source (20), the UV source (32), the IR detector (26), the UV detector (36) and the path selection arrangement (22, 42-50). The processing circuitry is configured to (i) select the wavelength to be used for a given UV pulse of the second plurality of pulses (38), (ii) receive a plurality of detection signals from each of the IR detector (26) and the UV detector (36) and (iii) based on the detection signals, determine a concentration of at least one component of the sample gas. A method for analysing the composition of a sample gas is also disclosed.

A filter and a miniature spectrum measuring device are provided. The filter includes a plurality of film structures. Each of the film structures includes an H-type structural film, an L-type structural film, and a cavity film disposed between the H-type structural film and the L-type structural film.

Apparatuses and methods for microscopic analysis of a sample using spatial light manipulation to increase signal to noise ratio are described herein.

Surface sensing methods for imaging a scanned surface of a sample via sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy are disclosed herein. The methods include exposing a sampled location of the scanned surface to a visible light beam and exposing the sampled location to a tunable infrared beam such that the tunable infrared beam is at least partially coincident with the visible light beam. The methods also include varying a frequency of the tunable infrared beam an inducing optical resonance within an imaged structure that extends at least partially within the sampled location. The methods further include receiving at least a portion of an emitted light beam from the sampled location and scanning the visible light beam and the runnable infrared beam across the scanned portion of the scanned surface. The methods also include generating an image of the scanned portion of the scanned surface based upon the receiving and the scanning.

A spectroscopy system includes a plurality of light sources, a plurality of detectors, and control circuitry. The control circuitry may be configured to control each light source to output frequency modulated light beams into an object and receive detector-specific data from the detectors. The detector-specific data may be representative of scattered and unabsorbed light resultant from the frequency modulated light beams interacting with the object. The control circuitry may be further configured to determine, for a source-detector link defined by a pairing of a first light source with a first detector, a link phase differential based on received phase information extracted from the detector-specific data for the source-detector link and source phase information of a first frequency modulated light beam from the first light source. Also, the control circuitry may be configured to determine a source-detector link quality metric for the source-detector link based on the link phase differential.