A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths. A detection system is provided with at least one photo-detector, a lens and a spectral filter at an input to the at least one photo-detector. The measurement system is further configured to transmit at least a portion of the output signal, indicative of an output status, to a cloud service over a transmission link. The cloud service is configured to receive the output status, to generate processed data based on the received output status, and to store the processed data, and wherein the cloud service is capable of storing a history of at least a portion of the received output status over a specified period of time.

The technology provides a spectroscopy system having a fringe tilted grating that varies a refractive index to diffract light. The diffracting mechanism may be formed by modulating a refractive index to produce fringe planes that are oriented relative to each other through a depth of the grating material The spectroscopy system includes a detector that converts optical signals into electrical signals to render spectral data. The spectroscopy system employs the fringe tilted grating to minimize fictitious Raman peaks that correspond to a fluorescence response signature.

A measurement system comprising one or more semiconductor diodes configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. The detection system comprising a camera, which may also include a direct or indirect time-of-flight sensor. The detection system synchronized to the pulsing of the semiconductor diodes, and the camera further coupled to a processor. The detection system non-invasively measuring blood within the skin, measuring hemoglobin absorption between 700 to 1300 nm, and the processor deriving physiological parameters and comparing properties between different spatial locations and variation over time. The semiconductor diodes may comprise vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and the detection system may comprise single photon avalanche photodiodes. The measurement system may be used to observe eye parameters and differential blood flow. The system may be used with photo-bio-modulation therapy, or it may be used in advanced driver monitoring systems for multiple functions including head pose, eye tracking, facial authentication, and smart restraint control systems.

An active remote sensing system is provided with an array of laser diodes that generate light directed to an object having one or more optical wavelengths that include at least one near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers. One of the laser diodes pulses with pulse duration of approximately 0.5 to 2 nanoseconds at repetition rate between one kilohertz and about 100 megahertz. A beam splitter receives the laser light, separates the light into a plurality of spatially separated lights and directs the lights to the object. A detection system includes a photodiode array synchronized to the array of laser diodes and performs a time-of-flight measurement by measuring a temporal distribution of photons received from the object. The time-of-flight measurement is combined with images from a camera system, and the remote sensing system is configured to be coupled to a wearable device, a smart phone or a tablet.

An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

Spectrometer designs are provided. The spectrometer includes two planar diffraction gratings disposed in a cascade, without intervening optics therebetween. Advantageously, the described configurations may promote both a high throughput and a high resolution, enabling the design of a portable device having sufficient resolution for on-site use or in the laboratory. In some implementations, two different secondary diffraction channels may be provided.

The technology provides a spectroscopy system having two or more spectrometers with substantially uniform focal lengths. The spectrometers include a detector that converts optical signals into electrical signals to render spectral data. The spectroscopy system includes a computing device that is electrically coupled to one or more detectors to receive the spectral data and compare the spectral data against other spectral data. The other spectral data originates from spectrometers that have substantially similar focal lengths, slit widths, excitation laser wavelengths, or any combination of these. The technology includes an application server that is communicatively coupled to a second spectroscopy system. The application server includes software that enables data sharing among the two or more spectroscopy systems, including sharing the spectral data and the other spectral data. The application server compares sampled spectral data against stored spectral data to identify a match.

An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

In an example, an apparatus is described that includes a light source, a holographic optical element, a sampling apparatus, and a detector. The light source is configured to emit a beam of excitation light. The holographic optical element is arranged to convert the beam of excitation light into a plurality of beams of excitation light. The sampling apparatus is arranged to project the plurality of beams of excitation light onto a surface outside the apparatus as a two-dimensional pattern of projection points. The sampling apparatus is further arranged to collect scattered radiation emitted by the surface in response to the two-dimensional pattern of projection points. The detector detects a frequency shift in the scattered radiation.