An optical emission spectrometer has an excitation device for a sample to be examined, a dispersive element for spectrally decomposing light emitted by an excited sample, a multiplicity of photodiodes, which are arranged such that different spectral components of the emitted, decomposed light are detectable with different photodiodes, and a multiplicity of electronic readout systems for the photodiodes. A respective electronic readout system has a charge storage assembly comprising a plurality of individual charge storage devices, wherein the charge storage devices are interconnectable in cascading fashion, with the result that charges flowing in from an associated photodiode successively fill the charge storage devices. The respective electronic readout system can be used to read the charges of the individual charge storage devices of the charge storage assembly and/or the charges of subsets of the charge storage devices of the charge storage assembly.

An irradiation region 21 of a diffraction grating 2 includes a first irradiation region (21A) and a second irradiation region (21B). In the diffraction grating 2, a blaze wavelength of a groove 22 of the first irradiation region (21A) is different from a blaze wavelength of a groove 23 of the second irradiation region (21B). That is, the first irradiation region (21A) and the second irradiation region (21B) have different relationships between a wavelength of light to be spectrally dispersed and a diffraction efficiency. Therefore, in a spectral device, light on a short wavelength side of light reflected by the second irradiation region (21B) of the diffraction grating 2 is not diffracted and is not received by a detector. Then, in a spectral device 1, aberration on the short wavelength side is corrected. In this way, in the diffraction grating 2, an aberration can be corrected with a simple structure in which the grooves (22, 23) are formed such that the blaze wavelengths in the first irradiation region (21A) and the second irradiation region (21B) are different from each other.

Disclosed is an optical sensor, including an external cavity laser configured to output sensing light and reference light; and a photodetector configured to detect a beating signal by an interference of the sensing light and the reference light output from the external cavity laser, in which the external cavity laser includes a reflecting filter including a sensing grating, to which a sensing object is attachable, and a reference grating, which is disposed on the same plane as that of the sensing grating, and outputs sensing light reflected from the sensing grating and reference light reflected from the reference grating. Accordingly, the optical sensor does not require a high-resolution spectroscope and has improved resolution and sensitivity.

The present application discloses a system comprising a compact curved grating (CCG) and its associated compact curved grating spectrometer (COGS) or compact curved grating wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (WMDM) module and a method for making the same. The system is capable of achieving a very small (resolution vs. size) RS factor. The location of the entrance slit and detector can be adjusted in order to have the best performance for a particular design goal. The initial groove spacing is calculated using a prescribed formula dependent on operation wavelength. The location of the grooves is calculated based on two conditions. The first one being that the path-difference between adjacent grooves should be an integral multiple of the wavelength in the medium to achieve aberration-free grating focusing at the detector or a first anchor output slit even with large beam diffraction angle from the entrance slit or input slit, the second one being specific for a particular design goal of a curved-grating spectrometer.

A mobile grating-detector arrangement has an X-ray detector and at least one grating. The grating-detector arrangement is configured to record an interferometric X-ray image of at least one body part of a patient in a patient bed in operation. In addition, an X-ray system with such a grating-detector arrangement and its use for X-ray interferometric imaging is described.

A spectrometer includes an input unit for receiving an optical signal, a diffraction grating disposed on the transmission path of the optical signal for dispersing the optical signal into a plurality of spectral rays, an image sensor disposed on the transmission path of at least a portion of the spectral rays, and a waveguide device. A waveguide space is formed between the first and second reflective surfaces of the waveguide device. The optical signal is transmitted from the input unit to the diffraction grating via the waveguide space. The portion of the spectral rays is transmitted to the image sensor via the waveguide space. At least one opening is formed on the waveguide device, and is substantially parallel to the first and/or second reflective surface. A portion of the spectral rays and/or the optical signal diffuses from the opening out of the waveguide space without reaching the image sensor.

The present application discloses a system comprising a compact curved grating (CCG) and its associated compact curved grating spectrometer (COGS) or compact curved grating wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (WMDM) module and a method for making the same. The system is capable of achieving a very small (resolution vs. size) RS factor. The location of the entrance slit and detector can be adjusted in order to have the best performance for a particular design goal. The initial groove spacing is calculated using a prescribed formula dependent on operation wavelength. The location of the grooves is calculated based on two conditions. The first one being that the path-difference between adjacent grooves should be an integral multiple of the wavelength in the medium to achieve aberration-free grating focusing at the detector or a first anchor output slit even with large beam diffraction angle from the entrance slit or input slit, the second one being specific for a particular design goal of a curved-grating spectrometer.