A spectrometer includes an input unit for receiving an optical signal, a diffraction grating disposed on the transmission path of the optical signal for dispersing the optical signal into a plurality of spectral rays, an image sensor disposed on the transmission path of at least a portion of the spectral rays, and a waveguide device. A waveguide space is formed between the first and second reflective surfaces of the waveguide device. The optical signal is transmitted from the input unit to the diffraction grating via the waveguide space. The portion of the spectral rays is transmitted to the image sensor via the waveguide space. At least one opening is formed on the waveguide device, and is substantially parallel to the first and/or second reflective surface. A portion of the spectral rays and/or the optical signal diffuses from the opening out of the waveguide space without reaching the image sensor.

An optical emission spectrometer has an excitation device for a sample to be examined, a dispersive element for spectrally decomposing light emitted by an excited sample, a multiplicity of photodiodes, which are arranged such that different spectral components of the emitted, decomposed light are detectable with different photodiodes, and a multiplicity of electronic readout systems for the photodiodes. A respective electronic readout system has a charge storage assembly comprising a plurality of individual charge storage devices, wherein the charge storage devices are interconnectable in cascading fashion, with the result that charges flowing in from an associated photodiode successively fill the charge storage devices. The respective electronic readout system can be used to read the charges of the individual charge storage devices of the charge storage assembly and/or the charges of subsets of the charge storage devices of the charge storage assembly.

For the purpose of providing a light guiding member with a simple structure which is capable of suppressing risk that unnecessary light could be mixed in a primary optical path, a light guiding member according to the present invention includes an incident surface, a reflection surface which reflects a light flux from the incident surface, and a side surface disposed at a distance of 1.2 R or more from a center of the reflection surface, where R is a distance from the center to an edge portion of the reflection surface, in a direction perpendicular to a first cross-section including an incident light toward the reflection surface on an optical axis and a reflected light from the reflection surface on the optical axis.

Spectrometer device (100) with entrance aperture (2), diffraction grating (3), two detectors (5a, 5b) to spectrally measuring the incoming light (L), the detectors being located on the same side of the dispersion plane. Two vertically focusing mirrors (4, 4a, 4b) focus the light onto detectors, the minors being arranged as front row mirrors (4b) and back row minors (4a) along two polygon graphs (6a, 6b) offset to each other and to the focal curve. The angles of deflection (cp, .sub.91) for the front row mirrors are <90?, allowing to minimize the offset (dl) of the front row minors (4b) to the focal curve. The distances (d) between the front row minors and corresponding detectors (5b) is minimized while still avoiding collisions between the detectors (5b) and their mounts with back row detectors (5a) and their mounts. The front row mirror elements are overlapping the adjacent back row mirror element.

Spectrometer device (100) with entrance aperture (2), diffraction grating (3), two detectors (5a, 5b) to spectrally measuring the incoming light (L), the detectors being located on the same side of the dispersion plane. Two vertically focusing mirrors (4, 4a, 4b) focus the light onto detectors, the minors being arranged as front row mirrors (4b) and back row minors (4a) along two polygon graphs (6a, 6b) offset to each other and to the focal curve. The angles of deflection (cp, .sub.91) for the front row mirrors are <90?, allowing to minimize the offset (dl) of the front row minors (4b) to the focal curve. The distances (d) between the front row minors and corresponding detectors (5b) is minimized while still avoiding collisions between the detectors (5b) and their mounts with back row detectors (5a) and their mounts. The front row mirror elements are overlapping the adjacent back row mirror element.

A spectrometer for examining the spectrum of an optical emission source may include: an optical base body, a light entry aperture connected to the optical base body to couple light into the spectrometer, at least one dispersion element to receive the light as a beam of rays and generate a spectrum, and at least one detector for measuring the generated spectrum. A light path may run from the light entry aperture to the detector. A mirror group with at least two mirrors may be provided in a section of the light path between the light entry aperture and the at least one detector, in which the beam does not run parallel, which may compensate for temperature effects. In the mirror group, at least one mirror or the entire mirror group may be moveable relative to the optical base body and may be coupled to a temperature-controlled drive.

The present application discloses a system comprising a compact curved grating (CCG) and its associated compact curved grating spectrometer (COGS) or compact curved grating wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (WMDM) module and a method for making the same. The system is capable of achieving a very small (resolution vs. size) RS factor. The location of the entrance slit and detector can be adjusted in order to have the best performance for a particular design goal. The initial groove spacing is calculated using a prescribed formula dependent on operation wavelength. The location of the grooves is calculated based on two conditions. The first one being that the path-difference between adjacent grooves should be an integral multiple of the wavelength in the medium to achieve aberration-free grating focusing at the detector or a first anchor output slit even with large beam diffraction angle from the entrance slit or input slit, the second one being specific for a particular design goal of a curved-grating spectrometer.

The present application discloses a system comprising a compact curved grating (CCG) and its associated compact curved grating spectrometer (COGS) or compact curved grating wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (WMDM) module and a method for making the same. The system is capable of achieving a very small (resolution vs. size) RS factor. The location of the entrance slit and detector can be adjusted in order to have the best performance for a particular design goal. The initial groove spacing is calculated using a prescribed formula dependent on operation wavelength. The location of the grooves is calculated based on two conditions. The first one being that the path-difference between adjacent grooves should be an integral multiple of the wavelength in the medium to achieve aberration-free grating focusing at the detector or a first anchor output slit even with large beam diffraction angle from the entrance slit or input slit, the second one being specific for a particular design goal of a curved-grating spectrometer.

A spectrometer includes an input unit for receiving an optical signal, a diffraction grating disposed on the transmission path of the optical signal for dispersing the optical signal into a plurality of spectral rays, an image sensor disposed on the transmission path of at least a portion of the spectral rays, and a waveguide device. A waveguide space is formed between the first and second reflective surfaces of the waveguide device. The optical signal is transmitted from the input unit to the diffraction grating via the waveguide space. The portion of the spectral rays is transmitted to the image sensor via the waveguide space. At least one opening is formed on the waveguide device, and is substantially parallel to the first and/or second reflective surface. A portion of the spectral rays and/or the optical signal diffuses from the opening out of the waveguide space without reaching the image sensor.

The present application discloses a system comprising a compact curved grating (CCG) and its associated compact curved grating spectrometer (COGS) or compact curved grating wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer (WMDM) module and a method for making the same. The system is capable of achieving a very small (resolution vs. size) RS factor. The location of the entrance slit and detector can be adjusted in order to have the best performance for a particular design goal. The initial groove spacing is calculated using a prescribed formula dependent on operation wavelength. The location of the grooves is calculated based on two conditions. The first one being that the path-difference between adjacent grooves should be an integral multiple of the wavelength in the medium to achieve aberration-free grating focusing at the detector or a first anchor output slit even with large beam diffraction angle from the entrance slit or input slit, the second one being specific for a particular design goal of a curved-grating spectrometer.