Apparatuses and methods for measuring substrate temperature are provided. In one or more embodiments, an apparatus for estimating a temperature is provided and includes a plurality of electromagnetic radiation sources positioned to emit electromagnetic radiation toward a reflection plane, and a plurality of electromagnetic radiation detectors. Each electromagnetic radiation detector is positioned to sample the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a corresponding electromagnetic radiation source of the plurality of electromagnetic radiation sources. The apparatus also includes a pyrometer positioned to receive electromagnetic radiation emitted by plurality of electromagnetic radiation sources and reflected from a substrate disposed at a reflection plane and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the substrate. The apparatus includes a processor configured to estimate a temperature of the substrate based on the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the substrate. Methods of estimating temperature are also provided.

A sensor apparatus includes a photosensitive sensor, a cover, and a moving mechanism. The photosensitive sensor includes a first lens and a second lens which focus on a photosensitive element. The cover includes a first slit arranged on an optical axis of the first lens and a second slit arranged on an optical axis of the second lens. The moving mechanism is configured to move the photosensitive sensor and the cover relative to each other so that the second slit is arranged on the optical axis of the first lens.

Provided is a simple, portable, real-time, and in vivo THz imaging device for imaging a target, e.g., a tooth in the subject. Moreover, the scanning based THz imaging device is much sufficiently sensitive as compared with the common X-ray imaging device. Therefore, the scanning based THz imaging device has the potential to operate in the density for early detection problems such as dental caries or demineralization of the enamel in the teeth. Also provided is a method for diagnosing or imaging the target in the subject by using the scanning based THz imaging device of the present disclosure.

An infrared thermographic system configured to detect the temperature of an object including an infrared thermal imaging sensor arranged to collect infrared radiation and construct at least one image from the radiation and a drive support unit arranged to rotate the sensor around an axis of rotation is provided. The imaging sensor is attached to the drive support unit such that upon rotation of the drive support unit, the imaging sensor captures separate areas surrounding the thermographic system. The imaging sensor is arranged to acquire a plurality of separate images such that the combination of the different images forms a continuous panorama of at least 180 degrees about the axis of rotation of the drive support unit. A processing module arranged and/or programmed to determine temperature data of the object from the images acquired by the imaging sensor is also provided.

A thermal imager device, where the thermal imager device includes a thermal imager housing. The thermal imager housing includes a display and user controls. The thermal imager device also includes a removable detector housing including a thermal detector. The thermal imager device also includes a flexible connector configured to detachably couple the removable detector to the thermal imager housing, the flexible connector including a first end, a second end, and a body between the first end and the second end, where the flexible connector is configured to detachably couple to the thermal imager housing at the first end, and where the flexible connector is configured to detachably couple to the removable detector housing at the second end.

A method of recording images within a furnace using a thermal imaging camera comprising a bore scope connected to a digital camera unit is described, comprising the steps of: (a) inserting the borescope into the interior of the furnace, (b) collecting one of more images of the interior of the furnace using the thermal imaging camera with the borescope at a first position, and (c) moving the borescope from the first position to a second position and collecting one or more images of the interior of the furnace as the borescope is moved from the first position to the second position, wherein the borescope movement is guided by means of a guide device comprising a movable borescope mounting, mounted externally on the furnace.

A passive infrared (PIR) sensor system, includes a PIR sensor configured to produce an output signal in response to receiving infrared (IR) radiation, an electronic shutter positionable in a field of view (FOV) of the PIR sensor, wherein the electronic shutter includes a liquid crystal (LC) material, wherein the electronic shutter includes a first state providing a first transmissivity of IR radiation through the electronic shutter and a second state providing a second transmissivity of IR radiation through the electronic shutter that is less than the first transmissivity, and a shutter actuator configured to apply an actuation signal to the electronic shutter to actuate the electronic shutter between the first state and the second state.

In one aspect, a method of controlling an operation of a compactor during a paving operation may include obtaining thermal image data and position data of an asphalt mat using a measuring device on a paving machine, and determining, using a controller, whether a person is on the asphalt mat based on a temperature range and the thermal image data. The method also includes determining, using the controller, a distance between the person and the compactor using the obtained position data and a position of the compactor, and generating, using the controller, a signal for reducing a speed of the compactor when the determined distance between the person and the compactor is less than a maintain speed threshold distance. In other aspects, a related system is provided for controlling a compactor during a paving operation.

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for highly accurate remote measurement of sea surface skin temperature. Thermal band 8 to 14 micron images of the surface of the ocean taken by a downward looking infrared camera are processed to determine the optimum segments of the image to utilize. The influence of contaminating reflection of the downwelling flux from the sky and other error sources are removed and from the data and/or otherwise corrected for making sea surface temperature accuracy within several tenths of a degree possible.

Disclosed is an error correction unit enabling constant accurate measurement of a moving object by correcting an error attributable to a change in sensitivity of a thermal image sensor, a change in distance between a thermal image sensor and an object, or an ambient environment. Further disclosed is an object temperature detection device equipped with the same. The error correction unit includes a first arm member rotatably coupled to a thermal imaging camera unit, a heating element holder rotatably coupled to the first arm member, the heating element fixed to the heating element holder, and a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the heating element. The heating element is positioned within an angle of view of the thermal imaging camera unit through rotational motion of the first arm member and the heating element holder. The temperature sensor measures the temperature of the heating element at a first time and a second time different from the first time so that the controller can use a temperature change value of the heating element. Data of the temperatures of the heating element, which are measured respectively at the first time and the second time, are transmitted to the controller.