Satellite onboard imaging systems having a look-down view and a toroidal view of the Earth are disclosed. In one embodiment, a satellite onboard imaging systems include an infrared sensing system and a controller. The infrared sensing system includes a first imager configured to have a first field of view that observes a look-down view of the Earth from a satellite and a second imager configured to have a second field of view that observes a toroidal view of the Earth centered at the satellite. The controller is coupled to the first imager and the second imager and operable to process image data from the first imager and the second imager. The controller is further operable to output indications of thermal energy of an identical, or different objects based on the first thermal image signal, the second thermal image signal, or both.

The present invention provides a thermal image analyser for the analysis of the stomatal conductance s of a plant, which comprises a thermal imaging device, configured to capture a thermal image of at least a portion of the plant that is in an imaging region of the thermal imaging device, and a processor device, configured to analyse the captured thermal image and to determine the stomatal conductance of the plant on the basis of the captured thermal image. The thermal image analyser further comprises a reference object, which comprises a reference surface and a thermal sensor, wherein the thermal sensor is connected to the reference surface and configured to emit a sensor signal that is representative for a surface temperature of the reference surface. The reference object is adapted to be positioned, such that at least a portion of the reference surface is located in the imaging region of the thermal imaging device. The sensor signal is adapted to be transmitted to the processor device, and the processor device is configured to compensate the stomatal conductance on the basis of the captured thermal image and the sensor signal.

An uncooled infrared polarization detection pixel structure, a chip, and a detector. By setting a light-passing region of a grating layer to a regular polygon corresponding to a polarization direction, it can be ensured that gratings (111) in the light-passing region that correspond to different polarization directions have the same shape except for the different polarization directions, thereby ensuring that the grating layer has the same transmission efficiency for incident light of multiple preset polarization directions. By setting a pixel layer to a regular polygon corresponding to a light-transmissive region, and providing absorption units (8) on the surface of the pixel unit, the influence of a polarization-selective absorption characteristic caused by an electrode (71) in the pixel layer can be eliminated, so that the light absorption of infrared detection pixels is insensitive to polarization, thereby ensuring that the response of the pixel layer to light in different polarization directions is consistent, and avoiding the problem of response non-uniformity.