A receiver is formed as the physical inverse or relief of at least a portion of a machined part or casting. The receiver has accommodations for sensor systems that monitor the temperature of the part during a radiant heating process which is placed on top of the casting receiver to move through the radiant heating process.

A method of forming an infrared detector includes defining an optical window in a cover substrate. Defining the optical window includes forming a multilayer interference filter or a periodic diffraction grating on an upper surface of the optical window and a periodic diffraction grating on the lower surface of the optical window. The method also includes performing anodic bonding of a spacer onto the cover substrate, transferring the cover substrate provided onto a base substrate, and hermetically bonding the spacer onto the base substrate.

A method of forming an infrared detector includes defining an optical window in a cover substrate. Defining the optical window includes forming a multilayer interference filter or a periodic diffraction grating on an upper surface of the optical window and a periodic diffraction grating on the lower surface of the optical window. The method also includes performing anodic bonding of a spacer onto the cover substrate, transferring the cover substrate provided onto a base substrate, and hermetically bonding the spacer onto the base substrate.

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for monitoring soil properties including soil moisture, soil electrical conductivity and soil temperature during an agricultural input application. Embodiments include a soil reflectivity sensor and/or a soil temperature sensor mounted to a seed firmer for measuring moisture and temperature in a planting trench. A thermopile for measuring temperature via infrared radiation is described herein. In one example, the thermopile is disposed in a body and senses infrared radiation through an infrared transparent window. Aspects of any of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented in or communicate with an agricultural intelligence computer system as described herein.

A passive infrared (PIR) sensor system, includes a PIR sensor configured to produce an output signal in response to receiving infrared (IR) radiation, an electronic shutter positionable in a field of view (FOV) of the PIR sensor, wherein the electronic shutter includes a liquid crystal (LC) material, wherein the electronic shutter includes a first state providing a first transmissivity of IR radiation through the electronic shutter and a second state providing a second transmissivity of IR radiation through the electronic shutter that is less than the first transmissivity, and a shutter actuator configured to apply an actuation signal to the electronic shutter to actuate the electronic shutter between the first state and the second state.

A passive infrared (PIR) sensor system, includes a PIR sensor configured to produce an output signal in response to receiving infrared (IR) radiation, an electronic shutter positionable in a field of view (FOV) of the PIR sensor, wherein the electronic shutter includes a liquid crystal (LC) material, wherein the electronic shutter includes a first state providing a first transmissivity of IR radiation through the electronic shutter and a second state providing a second transmissivity of IR radiation through the electronic shutter that is less than the first transmissivity, and a shutter actuator configured to apply an actuation signal to the electronic shutter to actuate the electronic shutter between the first state and the second state.

A system and method for high-throughput, high-resolution gas sorption screening are provided. An example system includes a sample chamber with a hermetic seal and a heat exchanger system. The heat exchanger system includes a heat exchanger disposed in the sample chamber, a coolant circulator fluidically coupled to the heat exchanger, and a sample plate comprising sample wells in contact with the cooling fluid from the coolant circulator. The system also includes a gas delivery system. The gas delivery system includes a gas source and a flow regulator. A temperature measurement system is configured to sense the temperature of the sample wells.

A temperature sensing module includes a hollow base, an infrared temperature sensor, and a condenser lens. The hollow base has a through hole, a first end, and a second end opposite to the first end. The first end has a first opening, the second end has a second end, and the through hole is in communication between the first opening and the second opening. The infrared temperature sensor is disposed in the through hole and adjacent to the second opening. The infrared temperature sensor includes a photosensitive surface, and the photosensitive surface faces the first opening. The condenser lens is disposed in the through hole and adjacent to the first opening. The condenser lens corresponds to the photosensitive surface of the infrared temperature sensor. An electronic device having the temperature sensing module is also provided.

A temperature sensing module includes a hollow base, an infrared temperature sensor, and a condenser lens. The hollow base has a through hole, a first end, and a second end opposite to the first end. The first end has a first opening, the second end has a second end, and the through hole is in communication between the first opening and the second opening. The infrared temperature sensor is disposed in the through hole and adjacent to the second opening. The infrared temperature sensor includes a photosensitive surface, and the photosensitive surface faces the first opening. The condenser lens is disposed in the through hole and adjacent to the first opening. The condenser lens corresponds to the photosensitive surface of the infrared temperature sensor. An electronic device having the temperature sensing module is also provided.

A method for manufacturing a near-infrared sensor cover includes arranging a mask in a region of an undercoating layer formed on a rear surface of a base, the region being different from a heater formation region in which a heater is to be formed and different from a belt-shaped separation region extending along an edge of the heater formation region, forming a heat-generating film on the mask and the undercoating layer, the heat-generating film being made of the conductive heat-generating material, peeling, using a laser, the heat-generating film formed in the separation region, and removing the mask and the heat-generating film formed on the mask. The separation region has a width that is set to be smaller than a beam diameter of each of near-infrared rays transmitted from the transmitting portion.