Thermal probe (10) for a scanning thermal microscope (100), use, and process of manufacturing. The thermal probe (10) comprises a single-material (M1) thermal conducting body (12) consisting of a probe frame (14) ending in a probe tip (11). A bi-material (M1,M2) cantilever strip (13) is connected to the probe frame (14) in thermal communication with the probe tip (11). The cantilever strip (13) in unbended state lies in-plane (X,Z) with the probe tip (11). The cantilever strip (13) comprises layers of material (M1,M2) having different coefficients of thermal expansion configured to bend the cantilever strip (13) with respect to the single-material thermal conducting body (12) as a function of the heat exchange (H) between the probe tip (11) and the microscopic structure (2) for measuring heat exchange (H) with a sample interface (1) by means of measuring the bending of the cantilever strip (13).

A reflective element for directing an optical signal into a fiber optic sensor having an optical fiber includes a plane containing a sharply defined straight line that separates between a first area of low reflectivity and a second area of high reflectivity. The plane is disposed parallel to a free end surface of the optical fiber so that the free end surface intersects the line of the reflective element, whereby relative movement between the free end surface of the optical fiber and the line in response to a physical change sensed by the fiber optic sensor induces variations in an optical signal reflected by the reflective element through the optical fiber, which variations allow measurement of the physical change.

A reflective element for directing an optical signal into a fiber optic sensor having an optical fiber includes a plane containing a sharply defined straight line that separates between a first area of low reflectivity and a second area of high reflectivity. The plane is disposed parallel to a free end surface of the optical fiber so that the free end surface intersects the line of the reflective element, whereby relative movement between the free end surface of the optical fiber and the line in response to a physical change sensed by the fiber optic sensor induces variations in an optical signal reflected by the reflective element through the optical fiber, which variations allow measurement of the physical change.

A temperature measuring structure, a charging device, and a motor vehicle. The temperature measuring structure including: a support and a temperature measurement element. The support has a first surface. The first surface is provided with an area accommodating the temperature measurement element. The temperature measurement element has a temperature measurement face. The temperature measurement face at least partially protrudes from the first surface, and the temperature measurement face is at a variable angle to the first surface. The temperature measuring structure measures temperature data closest to an actual temperature for the measured object, thus the staff or the corresponding processor can be aware of the temperature of the measured object more timely and accurately, thereby preventing the condition in which the temperature measurement face is separated from the measured object in subsequent use of the temperature measurement element.

A temperature measuring structure, a charging device, and a motor vehicle. The temperature measuring structure including: a support and a temperature measurement element. The support has a first surface. The first surface is provided with an area accommodating the temperature measurement element. The temperature measurement element has a temperature measurement face. The temperature measurement face at least partially protrudes from the first surface, and the temperature measurement face is at a variable angle to the first surface. The temperature measuring structure measures temperature data closest to an actual temperature for the measured object, thus the staff or the corresponding processor can be aware of the temperature of the measured object more timely and accurately, thereby preventing the condition in which the temperature measurement face is separated from the measured object in subsequent use of the temperature measurement element.

A state visualizer according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an optical member including a fixed part that has a fixed relative positional relationship with an object to be measured and a movable part that is movably supported by the fixed part and keeps a constant angle with respect to a gravity direction, the optical member retroreflecting a light or an electromagnetic wave in a case where the fixed part and the movable part are in a predetermined positional relationship. The optical member changes an intensity of the light or the electromagnetic wave reflected in a retroreflection direction in accordance with a change of a relative positional relationship between the fixed part and the movable part.

An improvement to bimetallic pipe thermometers utilizing insulating tubular seats. The present invention improves the insulating tubular seat by closing off the tail slot along a proximal end thereof with a bridge or stop. Going forward, users of such bimetallic pipe thermometers no longer need worry about the tail of the bimetallic coil sensor unintentionally slipping out of what is currently an opened-ended tail slot.

An improvement to bimetallic pipe thermometers utilizing insulating tubular seats. The present invention improves the insulating tubular seat by closing off the tail slot along a proximal end thereof with a bridge or stop. Going forward, users of such bimetallic pipe thermometers no longer need worry about the tail of the bimetallic coil sensor unintentionally slipping out of what is currently an opened-ended tail slot.

A thermal sensor with a simple structure can secure the deformability of a bimetal, and accurately control the position of the bimetal, to increase the response speed (heat response) of the bimetal. The thermal sensor includes a bimetal, a case, and a cover member. A pressing portion is provided between the cover member and the bimetal to press the bimetal to a bottom portion of the case. The pressing portion is deformable in accordance with the deformation of the bimetal.

A thermal sensor with a simple structure can secure the deformability of a bimetal, and accurately control the position of the bimetal, to increase the response speed (heat response) of the bimetal. The thermal sensor includes a bimetal, a case, and a cover member. A pressing portion is provided between the cover member and the bimetal to press the bimetal to a bottom portion of the case. The pressing portion is deformable in accordance with the deformation of the bimetal.