The temperature-dependent resistance of a MEMS structure is compared with an effective resistance of a switched CMOS capacitive element to implement a high performance temperature sensor.

A low-temperature dry body temperature calibrator used for temperature calibration of an element, and including a furnace body, a control panel assembly and a housing of modular design, the furnace body and control panel are assembled in the housing, the top surface of the housing has a plurality of heat dissipation holes, the top of the control panel assembly is spaced apart from the top surface of the housing, a flow guiding fan is at the top of the control panel assembly, and a flow guiding plate inclined to the heat dissipation holes on the top surface of the housing is above the flow guiding fan. The furnace body has a compact structure, and the radiators have a light weight and a high heat dissipation efficiency, improving the operation stability and temperature measurement accuracy of the furnace body, and the furnace body is suitable for temperature measurement of low-temperature elements.

A system includes: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of exhaust at a first location of an exhaust system of a vehicle; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature of exhaust at a second location of the exhaust system of the vehicle; a first analog to digital (A/D) converter configured to receive a first analog signal from the first temperature sensor, to sample the first analog signal to produce first samples, and to generate first digital values corresponding to the first temperature based on the first samples, respectively; and a second A/D converter a configured to receive a second analog signal from the second temperature sensor, to sample the second analog signal to produce second samples, and to generate second digital values corresponding to the second temperature based on the second samples, respectively.

A system includes: a first temperature sensor configured to measure a first temperature of exhaust at a first location of an exhaust system of a vehicle; a second temperature sensor configured to measure a second temperature of exhaust at a second location of the exhaust system of the vehicle; a first analog to digital (A/D) converter configured to receive a first analog signal from the first temperature sensor, to sample the first analog signal to produce first samples, and to generate first digital values corresponding to the first temperature based on the first samples, respectively; and a second A/D converter a configured to receive a second analog signal from the second temperature sensor, to sample the second analog signal to produce second samples, and to generate second digital values corresponding to the second temperature based on the second samples, respectively.

A semiconductor apparatus is provided, including: a housing; a heat-dissipation substrate; a first semiconductor chip provided on the heat-dissipation substrate; a temperature detecting unit provided on the housing; a first thermoelectric member electrically connecting the first semiconductor chip and the temperature detecting unit; and a second thermoelectric member electrically connecting the first semiconductor chip and the temperature detecting unit, the second thermoelectric member being made of a different material than the first thermoelectric member. The thermal conductivity of the heat-dissipation substrate is higher than the thermal conductivity of the housing.

An air-fuel ratio detection device 1, 1 comprises: a sensor element 2, 2 including a sensor cell 10; a voltage application circuit 40, 40 applying voltage to the sensor cell; a current detector 42, 42 detecting an output current of the sensor cell; an air-fuel ratio calculating part 61 configured to calculate an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas; and a parameter detecting part 62 configured to detect or calculate a temperature correlation parameter correlated with a temperature of the sensor element. The air-fuel ratio calculating part is configured to calculate the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas based on the temperature correlation parameter and the output current detected when a predetermined voltage is applied to the sensor cell.

An air-fuel ratio detection device 1, 1 comprises: a sensor element 2, 2 including a sensor cell 10; a voltage application circuit 40, 40 applying voltage to the sensor cell; a current detector 42, 42 detecting an output current of the sensor cell; an air-fuel ratio calculating part 61 configured to calculate an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas; and a parameter detecting part 62 configured to detect or calculate a temperature correlation parameter correlated with a temperature of the sensor element. The air-fuel ratio calculating part is configured to calculate the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas based on the temperature correlation parameter and the output current detected when a predetermined voltage is applied to the sensor cell.

A low-temperature dry body temperature calibrator used for temperature calibration of an element, and including a furnace body, a control panel assembly and a housing of modular design, the furnace body and control panel are assembled in the housing, the top surface of the housing has a plurality of heat dissipation holes, the top of the control panel assembly is spaced apart from the top surface of the housing, a flow guiding fan is at the top of the control panel assembly, and a flow guiding plate inclined to the heat dissipation holes on the top surface of the housing is above the flow guiding fan. The furnace body has a compact structure, and the radiators have a light weight and a high heat dissipation efficiency, improving the operation stability and temperature measurement accuracy of the furnace body, and the furnace body is suitable for temperature measurement of low-temperature elements.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a sealing device for sealing a cold-end part of a thermocouple wire arrangement based on a mineral-insulated cable, the sealing device comprising: a sealing element including an electrically insulating material, the sealing element defining a through-hole for passing through a respective thermocouple wire of the mineral-insulated cable; a sealing ring arranged at an outer rim of the sealing element for fixing the sealing device to a sheath or a support tube of the mineral-insulated cable; and an electric temperature sensing element for sensing an absolute temperature of the cold-end part. The temperature sensing element has at least one temperature-dependent electrical property.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a sealing device for sealing a cold-end part of a thermocouple wire arrangement based on a mineral-insulated cable, the sealing device comprising: a sealing element including an electrically insulating material, the sealing element defining a through-hole for passing through a respective thermocouple wire of the mineral-insulated cable; a sealing ring arranged at an outer rim of the sealing element for fixing the sealing device to a sheath or a support tube of the mineral-insulated cable; and an electric temperature sensing element for sensing an absolute temperature of the cold-end part. The temperature sensing element has at least one temperature-dependent electrical property.