A mask structure and a manufacturing method of the mask structure are provided. The mask structure includes a transparent substrate, a patterned metal layer, and a plurality of microlens structures. The patterned metal layer is disposed on the transparent substrate and exposing a portion of the transparent substrate. The microlens structures are disposed on the transparent substrate exposed by a portion of the patterned metal layer and being in contact with the portion of the patterned metal layer.

A mask structure and a manufacturing method of the mask structure are provided. The mask structure includes a transparent substrate, a patterned metal layer, and a plurality of microlens structures. The patterned metal layer is disposed on the transparent substrate and exposing a portion of the transparent substrate. The microlens structures are disposed on the transparent substrate exposed by a portion of the patterned metal layer and being in contact with the portion of the patterned metal layer.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for a pulse switched high side driver for vehicle sensor. An example method may include switching a transistor of a vehicle circuit to connect a first resistor to a vehicle sensor for a first time period in which exhaust gas temperature values of the vehicle are within a first range of exhaust gas temperatures values. The example method may also include switching, by providing a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal with an on signal value, the transistor to connect a second resistor to a vehicle sensor for a second period of time in which exhaust gas temperature values of the vehicle are within a second range of exhaust gas temperatures values that are greater than the first range of exhaust gas temperature values, wherein the second resistor and vehicle sensor are also included in the vehicle circuit, wherein the second resistor is in parallel with a first resistor and connected between the transistor and the vehicle sensor. The example method may also include switching, by providing a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal with an off signal value, the transistor to disconnect the second resistor from the vehicle sensor for a third period of time, the third period of time being greater than the second period of time. The example method may also include reading, using an analog to digital converter (ADC) an output of the vehicle sensor during or after the first period of time.

Various examples of methods and systems related to thermistor sensing for measurement of respiration are shown. In one example, a breath sensing system includes a self-heating temperature sensor that can be positioned in respiratory air of a subject and processing circuitry that can monitor operation of the self-heating temperature sensor. Respiratory information associated with physical or physiological properties of the subject can be communicated to a remotely located computing device. Electronic switching circuitry can be included to change operation of the self-heating temperature sensor between a temperature sensing mode and a heated power dissipation sensing mode. The processing circuitry can control switching between the modes. In another example, a method includes monitoring operational conditions of a self-heating temperature sensor positioned in respired air and determining, e.g., breath velocity, breath period, breath volume, breath carbon dioxide level, and heart rate based at least in part upon the operational conditions.

Various examples of methods and systems related to thermistor sensing for measurement of respiration are shown. In one example, a breath sensing system includes a self-heating temperature sensor that can be positioned in respiratory air of a subject and processing circuitry that can monitor operation of the self-heating temperature sensor. Respiratory information associated with physical or physiological properties of the subject can be communicated to a remotely located computing device. Electronic switching circuitry can be included to change operation of the self-heating temperature sensor between a temperature sensing mode and a heated power dissipation sensing mode. The processing circuitry can control switching between the modes. In another example, a method includes monitoring operational conditions of a self-heating temperature sensor positioned in respired air and determining, e.g., breath velocity, breath period, breath volume, breath carbon dioxide level, and heart rate based at least in part upon the operational conditions.

Sensor assemblies incorporating a temperature varying resistor provide information regarding the temperature of the operating environment for a sensor or protect the sensor from extreme temperatures. The assembly includes only two conductors—one transmitting current from a power source and another transmitting an output signal. In one embodiment, the assembly includes a sensor and a temperature varying resistor in parallel between the conductors with the output signal including information regarding a value of a variable measured by the sensor and information regarding a temperature of an operating environment for the sensor. In another embodiment, the sensor and temperature varying resistor are in series between the conductors with the output signal including information regarding a value of a variable measured by the sensor and the temperature varying resistor preventing delivery of current to the sensor when a temperature of the operating environment for the sensor meets a predetermined condition.

A half-bridge module having two switching units, each of which includes multiple transistors connected in parallel and/or in series, in particular IGBTs or MOSFETs. The transistors are arranged on a first substrate. The half-bridge module has a temperature sensor matrix having a plurality of temperature sensors, and the temperature sensors are thermally connected to the transistors at least in some regions. A temperature sensor matrix is also provided.

A PAP system for delivering breathable gas to a patient includes a flow generator to generate a supply of breathable gas to be delivered to the patient; a humidifier including a heating plate to vaporize water and deliver water vapor to humidify the supply of breathable gas; a heated tube configured to heat and deliver the humidified supply of breathable gas to the patient; a power supply configured to supply power to the heating plate and the heated tube; and a controller configured to control the power supply to prevent overheating of the heating plate and the heated tube.

A PAP system for delivering breathable gas to a patient includes a flow generator to generate a supply of breathable gas to be delivered to the patient; a humidifier including a heating plate to vaporize water and deliver water vapor to humidify the supply of breathable gas; a heated tube configured to heat and deliver the humidified supply of breathable gas to the patient; a power supply configured to supply power to the heating plate and the heated tube; and a controller configured to control the power supply to prevent overheating of the heating plate and the heated tube.

A temperature measuring apparatus for measuring a temperature of a battery pack is provided. A first resistor is connected between a first power supply and a first node, and a second resistor is connected between a second node and a second power supply. A temperature-variable resistive element whose resistance is varied depending on a temperature is connected to between the first node and the second node. A processor measures the temperature of the battery pack based on at least one of a first temperature measured based on a voltage of the first node and a second temperature measured based on a voltage of the second node.