Utility meter for measuring thermal energy delivered to a point of consumption by a fluid supplied via a supply flow and a return flow, including a flow meter unit for measuring a supply flow rate or return flow rate of the fluid; a pair of temperature sensing probes for measuring temperatures of the supply flow and the return flow, each of the temperature sensing probes including a resistive temperature device; and a calculator device configured for executing a measuring algorithm for determining an amount of thermal energy delivered to the point of consumption over le a period of time based on flow rates and temperatures received from the flow meter unit and temperature sensing probes, respectively; wherein the calculator device is configured to detect the type of resistive temperature device included in the temperature sensing probes and to adapt the measuring algorithm according to the type of resistive temperature device.

A reaction calorimeter probe having an inner tube having a pumpable reaction medium flowing therethrough, and an outer tube extending coaxially of the inner tube, a sealed space between the inner and outer tube, a first temperature sensor at an inlet end of the inner tube, a second temperature sensor at an outlet end of the inner tube, at a distance from the first temperature sensor, the first and second temperature sensors are in the space and in contact with the outer surface of the inner tube for measuring an absolute temperature of the inner tube, the first and second temperature sensors enable determinations of absolute temperatures, and a calculation device connected with the first and second temperature sensors, the calculation device to determine a first absolute temperature, a second absolute temperature and to determine a temperature difference between the first and second absolute temperatures.

A reaction calorimeter probe having an inner tube having a pumpable reaction medium flowing therethrough, and an outer tube extending coaxially of the inner tube, a sealed space between the inner and outer tube, a first temperature sensor at an inlet end of the inner tube, a second temperature sensor at an outlet end of the inner tube, at a distance from the first temperature sensor, the first and second temperature sensors are in the space and in contact with the outer surface of the inner tube for measuring an absolute temperature of the inner tube, the first and second temperature sensors enable determinations of absolute temperatures, and a calculation device connected with the first and second temperature sensors, the calculation device to determine a first absolute temperature, a second absolute temperature and to determine a temperature difference between the first and second absolute temperatures.

A method for measuring heat dissipation of electromechanical device includes: S1. establishing a measuring apparatus; S2. measuring and obtaining data: a mass flow m corresponding to each cooling medium flowing through a housing, a temperature T.sub.1 of a liquid inlet, a temperature T.sub.2 of a liquid outlet, a temperature T.sub.3 of an air inlet, a temperature T.sub.4 of an air outlet, a temperature T.sub.5 of the inside wall of the housing, a temperature T.sub.6 of the outside wall of the housing, a total area A of the inside wall of the housing, and a wall thickness L of the housing are measured by the measuring elements; S3. calculating the heat dissipation. The heat dissipation of the electromechanical device under a working condition is measured so as to provide a reference for the heat dissipation design of electromechanical device.

Various embodiments include a method for determining the mixing ratio R of a fluid comprising a mixture of at least two different fluids for a technical process in a device comprising: irradiating an ultrasonic signal with a transmission level along a measuring distance running inside a measuring section; measuring a receiving level of the ultrasonic signal at one end of the measuring distance; determining an ultrasonic attenuation of the ultrasonic signal attenuated by the fluid based at least on the transmission and receiving levels of the ultrasonic signal; measuring a temperature of the fluid flowing through the measuring section; and determining a mixing ratio of the at least two different fluids from the determined ultrasonic attenuation and from the measured fluid temperature.

A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

A method of controlling cooling water treatment may involve measuring operating data of one or more downstream heat exchangers that receive cooling water from the cooling tower. For example, the inlet and outlet temperatures of both the hot and cold streams of a downstream heat exchanger may be measured. Data from the streams passing through the heat exchanger may be used to determine a heat transfer efficiency for the heat exchanger. The heat transfer efficiency can be trended over a period of time and changes in the trend detected to identify cooling water fouling issues. Multiple potential causes of the perceived fouling issues can be evaluated to determine a predicted cause. A chemical additive selected to reduce, eliminate, or otherwise control the cooling water fouling can be controlled based on the predicted cause of the fouling.

The present invention discloses a computational distributed fiber-optic sensing method and system. The method includes: determining a signal source for modulating intensity of incident light, where the signal source is a binary sequence; using an optical pulse sequence obtained after modulation is performed using the signal source, as an incident light signal, and emitting the incident light signal to an optical fiber; acquiring, according to specified sampling frequency, a scattered light signal obtained through optical fiber scattering; determining, according to the incident light signal and the scattered light signal, a time-domain reconstructed image of a to-be-detected light signal by using a time domain-based differential ghost imaging protocol; and determining a sensing signal of the optical fiber according to the time-domain reconstructed image of the to-be-detected light signal. The computational distributed fiber-optic sensing method and system provided in the present invention feature low sampling frequency, low device complexity, and low costs.

The present invention discloses a computational distributed fiber-optic sensing method and system. The method includes: determining a signal source for modulating intensity of incident light, where the signal source is a binary sequence; using an optical pulse sequence obtained after modulation is performed using the signal source, as an incident light signal, and emitting the incident light signal to an optical fiber; acquiring, according to specified sampling frequency, a scattered light signal obtained through optical fiber scattering; determining, according to the incident light signal and the scattered light signal, a time-domain reconstructed image of a to-be-detected light signal by using a time domain-based differential ghost imaging protocol; and determining a sensing signal of the optical fiber according to the time-domain reconstructed image of the to-be-detected light signal. The computational distributed fiber-optic sensing method and system provided in the present invention feature low sampling frequency, low device complexity, and low costs.

A heat measurement apparatus and method for a non-invasive measurement of heat generation are provided. The method include determining a flow value of a flowing substance within a system based on a system power usage; and determining a heat energy value of a system based on a temperature difference of a first temperature of the flowing substance at an inlet of the system from a second temperature of the flowing substance at an outlet of the system and the flow value of the system.