The invention relates to a measuring system for determining a force and/or a torque on a torque-transmitting shaft, wherein: the measuring system has at least three, in particular at least four, piezoelectric elements each having a preferred direction and each being arranged at different positions about a rotational axis of the shaft in a force flow transmitted via the shaft, said arrangement being such that a force of the force flow acts, in particular exclusively, on the piezoelectric elements; the preferred directions each lie parallel to or in a single plane which is intersected by the rotational axis; and the preferred directions of at least two, in particular at least three, of the piezoelectric elements are oriented neither parallel nor antiparallel to one other.

A torque detection device of a rear frame of an electrically assisted bicycle includes two displacement detection units and a processing unit. The displacement detection units are installed at upper and lower fork arms of the rear frame respectively for detecting and converting displacement into force. Through mechanical analysis and mathematical operations, the processing unit processes signals obtained by the displacement detection units to remove any force perpendicular to a road surface and obtain a rider's treading torque while pedaling a pedal crank module. The displacement detection units are mounted onto the upper and lower fork arms without requiring any rotary joint. The displacement detection units are displacement detection devices applying different physical and chemical methods, such as strain gauges, piezoelectric sensors, electromagnetic sensors, capacitive sensors, or optical sensors. The torque detection device features simple manufacture and device, and the advantage of measuring the treading torque accurately.

A method for correcting a time-dependent measurement signal generated by means of an electric motor coupled on the output side to a transmission with regard to the influence of a variable output load and a variable rotational speed includes: tapping a time-varying measurement signal which is dependent on a torque of the motor transmission unit; generation of a useful signal, which is free of any DC component, from the measurement signal; interval-by-interval determination of RMS values from the measurement signal; generation of a load-corrected useful signal by an interval-by-interval division of the useful signal, which is free of any DC component, by the interval-specific RMS values; time-resolved determination of the rotational frequency of the motor from the measurement signal; scaling the load-corrected useful signal to the mean rotational frequency to generate a corrected measurement signal, and, use of the corrected measurement signal for fault detection of the motor transmission unit.

A power meter for a bicycle includes a body having a torque input section and a torque output section, the body configured to transmit power between the torque input section and the torque output section. The power meter also includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having a substrate and at least one strain measurement device attached to the PCB.

A torque sensor for electrically assisting a vehicle with pedals includes a housing, a first gear, an actuator, and a control circuit. The housing defines a receiving chamber and is configured to be coupled to a drive member. The first gear is rotatably mounted in the receiving chamber. The actuator is received in the receiving chamber and is driven by the first gear. The control circuit including a resistor is received in the receiving chamber and the actuator slides along the resistor as a rider applies force to the pedals, thus for adjusting a resistance value of the control circuit, to allow the control circuit to output a signal which governs the assisting power. The disclosure also includes an electric bicycle using the torque sensor.

An axial force testing device includes a spindle and a frame. Multiple mediate members are mounted to the spindle which is rotatable relative to the frame by the mediate members. A first fixing member is connected to a first end of a scale which shows the axial force. A first contact member contacts the first fixing member and is mounted to the spindle. A second fixing member is connected to a second end of the scale. A second contact member contacts the second fixing member and is mounted to the spindle. The second contact member has a first contact portion which contacts the mediate members. A locking member is locked to the spindle and presses the first contact member, the first fixing member, the scale, the second fixing member, the second contact member and the mediate members. The axial force applied to the mediate members is displayed on the scale.

A drive, method and a device for determining the torque of a shaft, wherein gear wheels engaged with one another in a gearbox serve to apply an axial force to the shaft, where the axial force is induced by helical teeth of the gear wheels, the axial force of the shaft is determined using a force sensor and/or a position sensor, and where the torque is determined arithmetically from the measured axial force such that a static and dynamic measurement of the torque on the shaft can be advantageously performed.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for determining a flexibility value K of a fastener. An illustrative system includes a test apparatus including three straps with a strain gauge coupled to each strap. A fastener, such as a bolt, is installed through the straps, with a tensile or compressive force then applied to the test apparatus. Responsively, the strain gauges generate signals indicative of elastic deformation of the straps. The signals are transmitted to a signal processor, which may display deformation values, or alternatively, may process the signals to calculate the value K. The elastic deformation values acquired from the strain gauges, together with cross sectional area and elastic moduli of the straps, are entered into a calculation which applies a predetermined relationship to arrive at the value K. The test apparatus may be a stand-alone device for use in calculating the value K.

A torque application system for use in mechanical circuits and offset flanges is described. More precisely, the system of the invention comprises a set of elements that apply torque to the region of offset flanges capable of eliminating gaps in closed mechanical systems, wherein this set of components responsible for applying torque, in addition to promoting permanent contact of the mechanical system, allows a previously known load to be imposed. Accordingly, the system described herein allows analysis cycles to be achieved under different operating conditions that require smoothness, given the more uniform behavior of the mechanical system under analysis. Furthermore, due to internal load compensation means, the torque application system prevents overloads in the mechanical system, since compensating means provided with springs compensate for possible misalignments that could result in permanent plastic deformations in the elements to which the set of components of the torque applicator is coupled.

Disclosed is a bolting torque determination method which includes a preparation process of preparing samples of an object and samples of a bolt, a sample fracture torque acquisition process of measuring and acquiring a sample fracture torque, an effective fastening torque zone determination process of determining an effective fastening torque zone, in which fastening is performed without fracture, a bolt fastening angle measurement process of performing test fastening on the samples according to each of the plurality of selected experimental torques and measuring bolt fastening angles, and a bolting torque determination process of determining a bolting torque, whereby a rotation angle of each of the sample bolts is measured from a predetermined reference point of time to a point of time when the test fastening is finished.