A force acting on a link is detected at low cost. Provided is a rotation-shaft joint structure including: a driving-force generating part including a fixed member that is fixed to a base member, and a movable member that is rotationally driven about a predetermined axis relative to the fixed member; a link member that is fixed to the movable member of the driving-force generating part; and a uniaxial strain sensor that is attached to the link member or the movable member, at a surface located in a space between a fixed area over which the link member is fixed to the movable member and the outer circumferential surface of the driving-force generating part about the axis, to detect the strain of the surface.

Sensing arrangements for measuring force or torque by transmitting light on a reflective region and measuring how the reflected light is received, including a sensor arrangement that uses a non-symmetric reflective region and a sensor arrangement that uses multiple arrangements of at least three light sensors, where the at least three light sensors are arranged such that they are not co-linear.

A reducer module with real-time torque sensing includes two harmonic reducers that are installed in opposite directions in a casing and located in front of and behind a ring, respectively; and a plurality of torque sensors mounted on ribs of the ring for measuring a torque value. The ring's inner circle, the front harmonic reducer, and the rear harmonic reducer are centrally bored to form a channel, through which wires of the torque sensors go out the reducer module and are prevented from torsion and stretch during operation of the reducer module.

A system including an instrument having a working tool configured to penetrate a tissue; a sensor configured to generate in real-time one or more torque signals related to torque of the working tool; a controller in operative communication with the sensor and configured to receive the one or more torque signals. The controller processes the torque signals into one or more processed signals representative of torque, energy, power or a combination thereof. The system also includes a display providing to the user in real-time the one or more processed signals. Related devices, systems, methods, and articles are provided.

A torque sensor arrangement configured to attach between a first part and a second part to sense torque therebetween, the torque sensor arrangement comprising: an interface member having on its exterior an engagement configuration configured to rotationally engage the first part; a torsion member comprising a deflectable body attached at one end thereof to the interface member and comprising, at the other end of the deflectable body, an engagement configuration configured to rotationally engage the second part; and a deflection sensor attached to the deflectable body; wherein the interface member defines a rigid sleeve extending around the deflectable body and the torque sensor arrangement further comprises a bushing located between and in contact with both the sleeve and the deflectable body.

An electric bicycle having an electric motor mounted to a frame of the bicycle and which includes a motor output shaft defining an output end engaging a drive chain of the bicycles drive train to transmit the drive of the electric motor thereto. A torque sensor includes a base mounted in fixed relation to the frame and/or the electric motor. The torque sensor has a flexible arm extending from the base and a sensing member mounted to an extremity of the flexible arm that is displaceable relative to the base. The sensing member engages the drive chain along a segment thereof and is displaceable thereby. The segment of the drive chain extends from the output end of the motor output shaft to the pedal crank of the drive train.

A force acting on a link is detected at low cost. Provided is a rotation-shaft joint structure including: a driving-force generating part including a fixed member that is fixed to a base member, and a movable member that is rotationally driven about a predetermined axis relative to the fixed member; a link member that is fixed to the movable member of the driving-force generating part; and a uniaxial strain sensor that is attached to the link member or the movable member, at a surface located in a space between a fixed area over which the link member is fixed to the movable member and the outer circumferential surface of the driving-force generating part about the axis, to detect the strain of the surface.

A reducer module with real-time torque sensing includes two harmonic reducers that are installed in opposite directions in a casing and located in front of and behind a ring, respectively; and a plurality of torque sensors mounted on ribs of the ring for measuring a torque value. The ring's inner circle, the front harmonic reducer, and the rear harmonic reducer are centrally bored to form a channel, through which wires of the torque sensors go out the reducer module and are prevented from torsion and stretch during operation of the reducer module.

A device to monitor power and torque being transmitted through a rotating or stationary shaft for use as a dynamometer on a vehicle or machine drivetrain. It is complete with a power source and wireless data transmission device compatible with common consumer electronics, as well as a device to communicate with a vehicles OBD-II system if so equipped. In contrast to prior art devices, it is wireless, requires no modification to the existing drivetrain, requires no dedicated data acquisition system, and is robust enough to be used under normal operating circumstances for the machine or vehicle it is installed on.

A torque sensing device capable of measuring the force exerted by a torque arm on a lever is positioned between the torque arm and the lever. The torque arm is connected to the pinion of a planetary gearbox for rotating the bowl and screw conveyer of a decanter centrifuge at different speeds. The torque sensing device measures the torque between the pinion gear and the planetary gearbox. The sensor can be connected to a controller which can reduce the flow of the liquid/solid mixture to the decanter centrifuge thereby/reducing the torque and avoiding substantial damage to the planetary gearbox.