A catheter arrangement including a catheter having a proximal end and a distal end and at least one continuous fluid channel, at the proximal end of which a fluid connection and at the distal end of which a nozzle is arranged, which has a cross section that can be varied by a force applied to the distal catheter end; a liquid feed unit, connected to the proximal fluid connection of the catheter feeds liquid into the at least one fluid channel at a predetermined operating pressure. A flow sensor measures, during operation of the catheter arrangement, a pressure drop at the fluid channel. A pressure evaluation unit, connected on the input side in a signal-based manner to the flow sensor, determines a force applied to the distal end of the catheter from the measured pressure drop at the fluid channel and from predetermined deformation characteristics of the associated nozzle.

A pressure measurement device is provided. The pressure measurement device includes a pressure gauge having a hermetically sealed cavity. The cavity is filled with pressure transferring media that includes a first material and a compensator material. The first material has a first coefficient of thermal expansion and the compensator material has a second coefficient of thermal expansion that is lower than the first coefficient of thermal expansion. The pressure measurement device includes a pressure reading mechanism coupled to the pressure gauge and operative to convert a displacement of the pressure gauge to a pressure measurement reading.

A pressure sensing assembly (1), comprising: an elongate, axially extending tube (100), having a flexible tube wall (102) that encloses an inner pressure chamber (106); and at least one sensor unit (200), including: two tube wall fixation devices (210), connected to the tube wall (102) at respective axially spaced apart positions, and configured to fix respective diameters (D, d) of the tube wall at said positions; and a first strain sensing element (220), connected to the tube wall (102) at a first position axially in between said two tube wall devices (210), and configured to provide a first signal indicative of an axial elongation of the tube wall resulting from a change in axial curvature of the tube wall when a pressure differential between the inner pressure chamber (106) and an outside environment (108) of the tube is applied across the tube wall at said first position.

A nuclear fuel rod includes a cladding comprising an interior region. A pressure transmission apparatus is configured to measure pressure in the interior region. Fuel pellets and a resonant electrical circuit are in the interior region. The resonant electrical circuit is configured to generate a pulse that travels wirelessly from the interior region through the cladding. A frequency of the pulse varies based on pressure measured by the pressure transmission apparatus. The frequency of the pulse is indicative of the pressure within the interior region.

A detection apparatus includes a resonant electrical circuit supported within an interior of a nuclear fuel rod generates a response pulse in response to an excitation pure and transmits the response pulse through a cladding of the fuel rod to another location within a reactor in which the fuel rod is housed and without any breach in the cladding. A characteristic of the response pulse is indicative of a condition of the fuel rod. The detection apparatus also includes a transmitter positioned outside the cladding, in the reactor, in the vicinity of the fuel rod and configured to generate the excitation pulse and transmit the excitation pulse through the cladding to the resonant electrical circuit. A receiver is supported within the reactor outside of the cladding and, in response to the response pulse, communicates a signal to an electronic processing apparatus outside of the reactor.

The present application provides a self-diagnostic gas density relay and a use method thereof, the gas density relay includes a gas density relay body, a gas density detection sensor, at least one diagnostic sensor, and an intelligent control unit; where the diagnostic sensor is configured to acquire deformation quantities of components that generate deformations, and/or positions or displacement quantities of components that generate displacements when the pressure changes, or the temperature changes, or the gas density changes in the gas density relay body; and the intelligent control unit is respectively connected with the gas density detection sensor and the diagnostic sensor, receives data acquired by the gas density detection sensor and/or the diagnostic sensor, and diagnoses a current working state of the gas density relay body. The present application is used for monitoring a gas density of the gas-insulated or arc-extinguished electrical equipment, and at the same time, on-line self-inspection for the gas density relay is completed, so that efficiency is increased, no maintenance is realized, operation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced, and safe operation of a power grid is guaranteed.

Provided are a maintenance-free gas density relay and a mutual check method therefor. The maintenance-free gas density relay includes a gas density relay body and first gas density detection sensors which are in communication on gas paths, and an intelligent control unit connected to the gas density relay body and the first gas density detection sensors separately, where the intelligent control unit compares and checks a first pressure value and a second pressure value acquired at the same gas pressure, and/or compares and checks a first temperature value and a second temperature value acquired at the same gas temperature, or compares and checks a first density value and a second density value acquired at the same gas density, and can further upload received data to a background for data comparison by the background. The present disclosure further completes online self-check or mutual check of the gas density relay while being used for monitoring gas density of a gas-insulated or arc-control electrical apparatus, thereby improving efficiency, avoiding maintenance, reducing cost, and ensuring safe operation of a power grid.

A steel measuring element is provided. The steel measuring element is made of an austenitic chromium-nickel steel with a low carbon and nitrogen content for measuring pressure, with an edge zone being provided with increased hardness.

A pressure sensor layout structure includes: a bumper beam; an absorber disposed at a front of the bumper beam; a pressure tube arranged between the bumper beam and the absorber; a pressure sensor attached to an end of the pressure tube; and a sensor cover fixed to a rear surface of the absorber, wherein the sensor cover is fixed to an end portion in a vehicle width direction of the absorber, at two or more positions which are located variously in the vehicle width direction.

A tire pressure gauge contains a housing, a pressure measuring unit, and a tire-tread depth measuring unit. The tire-tread depth measuring unit includes a mounting assembly, a gear assembly, a hair spring, a covering lid, and a longitudinal post. The tire pressure gauge measures a tire pressure and a tire-tread depth. The tire-tread depth measuring unit indicates a number of the tire-tread depth by using a pointer, after a measurement stem of the longitudinal post is inserted into a tread slit of a tire, and a longitudinal movement of the longitudinal post is transformed into circumference rotation data through the gear assembly, thus indicating the number of the tire-tread depth on a numerical display panel clearly. Preferably, a probe and the measurement stem of the longitudinal post inserted into the tread slit are driven by the hair spring to return to a zero state.