A method of testing for leakage of a pulp chamber in a modified extracted tooth is provided, wherein the modified extracted tooth comprises enamel, dentine and a pulp chamber. The method comprises: (a) providing an extracted tooth which has been modified by removal of roots and dental pulp so as to create a pulp chamber, the pulp chamber having an opening at one end thereof, which opening is defined by a rim; (b) attaching a first end of a first tube to the rim of the pulp chamber so as to provide an air-tight seal between the first tube and the rim; (c) placing the modified extracted tooth into a liquid; (d) supplying a compressed gas into the pulp chamber via the first tube; and (e) determining visually whether or not bubbles of the gas are released into the liquid at the enamel of the tooth.

Methods and apparatus for checking emitter bonds in an irrigation drip line and for manufacturing drip line in a manner that allows the bond between the in-line emitter and surrounding conduit to be checked. In one form, a downstream in-line vacuum tester is provided for monitoring the amount of air escaping from outlet openings in the drip line to detect excessive air associated with poorly bonded emitters.

Methods and apparatus for checking emitter bonds in an irrigation drip line and for manufacturing drip line in a manner that allows the bond between the in-line emitter and surrounding conduit to be checked. In one form, a downstream in-line vacuum tester is provided for monitoring the amount of air escaping from outlet openings in the drip line to detect excessive air associated with poorly bonded emitters.

A gas leakage meter (100) for use onsite in a process plant comprises a housing (110) with an inlet (101), an outlet (102) and an inlet nozzle (111) fluidly connected to a unit to be tested (3) through a downstream connector (1040) and to the inlet (101), the housing (110) being filled with a liquid to a level (10). An inclined pipe (120) is arranged such that, in use, test gas released from the inlet nozzle (111) raises through a liquid and the inclined pipe (120) to a gas-collecting chamber (122) at an upper end of the inclined pipe. (120). The gas-collecting chamber (122) has a gas release valve (150; 170) for releasing test gas before a test period. Embodiments where the inclined pipe (120) is mounted on a pivot and alternative gas release valves (150, 170) are also disclosed.

A gas leakage meter (100) for use onsite in a process plant comprises a housing (110) with an inlet (101), an outlet (102) and an inlet nozzle (111) fluidly connected to a unit to be tested (3) through a downstream connector (1040) and to the inlet (101), the housing (110) being filled with a liquid to a level (10). An inclined pipe (120) is arranged such that, in use, test gas released from the inlet nozzle (111) raises through a liquid and the inclined pipe (120) to a gas-collecting chamber (122) at an upper end of the inclined pipe. (120). The gas-collecting chamber (122) has a gas release valve (150; 170) for releasing test gas before a test period. Embodiments where the inclined pipe (120) is mounted on a pivot and alternative gas release valves (150, 170) are also disclosed.

Disclosed in the present utility model is a device for testing gas tightness of a bipolar plate. The device includes a fixing assembly and a liquid placing plate. The fixing assembly includes a base plate and a cover plate. The base plate and the cover plate are arranged opposite to each other, and a test space capable of accommodating a bipolar plate is formed between the base plate and the cover plate. The base plate or the cover plate is provided with a gas inlet for gas to enter the test space. The liquid placing plate is arranged in the test space and arranged to be stacked on the plate surface of the bipolar plate facing away from the gas inlet. The liquid placing plate is provided with a plurality of liquid placing recesses capable of containing liquid. The liquid placing recesses pass through opposite plate surfaces of the liquid placing plate.

Disclosed in the present utility model is a device for testing gas tightness of a bipolar plate. The device includes a fixing assembly and a liquid placing plate. The fixing assembly includes a base plate and a cover plate. The base plate and the cover plate are arranged opposite to each other, and a test space capable of accommodating a bipolar plate is formed between the base plate and the cover plate. The base plate or the cover plate is provided with a gas inlet for gas to enter the test space. The liquid placing plate is arranged in the test space and arranged to be stacked on the plate surface of the bipolar plate facing away from the gas inlet. The liquid placing plate is provided with a plurality of liquid placing recesses capable of containing liquid. The liquid placing recesses pass through opposite plate surfaces of the liquid placing plate.

An automated test apparatus for risk and integrity testing for pharmaceutical filtration membranes, including at least the following components: a liquid injection inlet, a pump, a fluid pressure gauge, a gas pressure gauge, a plurality of solenoid valves, a plurality of membranes, a gas pressure regulator valve, a pharmaceutical product bottle, and a bubble generation bottle. The automated test apparatus of the present invention is controlled by computer software in connection with an automatic pharmaceutical synthesis apparatus for automated testing. In use of the automated test apparatus of the present invention, it needs only to start the operating system of the automated test apparatus for membrane risk and integrity test after the completion of the automatic pharmaceutical synthesis. The membrane risk and integrity test can be accomplished in a short time by measuring pressures of gas and liquid with pressure gauges deposed online concurrently.

An automated test apparatus for risk and integrity testing for pharmaceutical filtration membranes, including at least the following components: a liquid injection inlet, a pump, a fluid pressure gauge, a gas pressure gauge, a plurality of solenoid valves, a plurality of membranes, a gas pressure regulator valve, a pharmaceutical product bottle, and a bubble generation bottle. The automated test apparatus of the present invention is controlled by computer software in connection with an automatic pharmaceutical synthesis apparatus for automated testing. In use of the automated test apparatus of the present invention, it needs only to start the operating system of the automated test apparatus for membrane risk and integrity test after the completion of the automatic pharmaceutical synthesis. The membrane risk and integrity test can be accomplished in a short time by measuring pressures of gas and liquid with pressure gauges deposed online concurrently.

Methods and apparatus for checking emitter bonds in an irrigation drip line and for manufacturing drip line in a manner that allows the bond between the in-line emitter and surrounding conduit to be checked. In one form, a downstream in-line vacuum tester is provided for monitoring the amount of air escaping from outlet openings in the drip line to detect excessive air associated with poorly bonded emitters.