A thermostat malfunction detection device that detects a stuck open state of a thermostat includes: an estimated water temperature calculation module that calculates an estimated water temperature of a cooling water based on an operation state of an engine; an actual water temperature detection unit that detects an actual water temperature of the cooling water; a first determination module that establishes preliminary determination when an amount of change of a difference between the estimated water temperature and the actual water temperature within a determined period is equal to or larger than a first threshold value; a passing air amount control module that increases a passing air amount, when the preliminary determination is established; and a second determination module that establishes malfunction determination, when the difference is equal to or larger than a second threshold value, after the passing air amount has been increased.

The invention relates to a device for conditioning the atmosphere when testing engines, comprising an inlet duct connected to an engine intake, an outlet duct connected to the exhaust of the engine, a communication duct that connects the inlet duct to the outlet duct, a bypass valve in the inlet duct, a super-charging turbo assembly in the inlet duct, a heat exchanger in the outlet duct, and a turbocharger after the heat exchanger. The device further comprises a first three-way valve that connects the inlet duct to the outlet duct, an on/off valve in the outlet duct, a second three-way valve in the outlet duct, a control valve in a duct that connects the outlet duct to the atmosphere, and a section of the outlet duct that connects the exchanger to the communication duct.

A system is provided for automatically shutting down an engine of a portable or handheld device in response to the engine operating while in an enclosed space, such as a garage, shed, room, etc. to prevent dangers associated with carbon monoxide accumulating in the enclosed space. The engine has an oxygen sensor in its exhaust that is configured to detect the presence or absence of oxygen in the exhaust. Fuel can be removed from the air/fuel mixture (e.g., less fuel being injected) based on the output of the oxygen sensor to maintain a given desired air/fuel ratio. If the amount of fuel provided continues to decrease over time in order to maintain the air/fuel ratio, the controller can assume the engine is operating in confined spaces and can shut down the engine.

A sensor failure diagnostic apparatus includes a first estimation unit to estimate a mixing ratio of each type of a molecular structure included in a fuel, based on combustion parameters when a combustion of an internal combustion engine is executed in different combustion conditions, among the combustion parameters sensed by a combustion sensor, a second estimation unit to estimate the mixing ratio, based on characteristic parameters sensed by a characteristic sensor, a combustion sensor diagnostic unit to determine whether a failure of the combustion sensor exists, based on a sensed value of the combustion sensor when the combustion is not executed, and a characteristic sensor diagnostic unit to determine whether a failure of the characteristic sensor exists, by comparing the mixing ratio estimated by the first estimation unit with the mixing ratio estimated by the second estimation unit when the combustion sensor diagnostic unit determines the combustion sensor is normal.

A system monitors the health of a helicopter, and includes a device for determining a change of state of the engine and is configured to collect data measured by engine and external conditions sensors during a stable flight phase and to process the measured data.

Provided as display portions configured to display maintenance related information pieces about a plurality of maintenance items of a vehicle are: a first display portion configured to, when at least one of the plurality of maintenance items is in a predetermined maintenance period, display the maintenance related information piece about the maintenance item that is in the predetermined maintenance period, the predetermined maintenance period including a predetermined maintenance timing and periods before and after the predetermined maintenance timing; and a second display portion configured to, when none of the plurality of maintenance items is in the maintenance period, display only the information piece about a nearest one of the maintenance timings of the plurality of maintenance items.

Locomotives comprising a chassis configured for receiving various modules such as, for example, fuel storage modules and/or power modules. By employing a selected combination of fuel storage modules and power modules, a locomotive may be constructed to employ any of one or more types of fuel, such as liquid fuels and gaseous fuels. Batteries may be employed to maximize energy use. Multiple locomotives may function together as a consist having differing types of engines and using different types of fuel. A control system may be employed to optimize use of the engines by prioritizing factors such as cost, fuel efficiency, noise reduction, emissions reduction, etc.

A rapid compression machine (RCM) employs an electrical drive to move a piston disposed within a chamber housing. The electrical drive converts electrical power into linear motion of the piston, for example, to compress contents in a reaction chamber defined by the chamber housing and the piston. The temperature and pressure changes induced by the compression can cause reaction of contents within the chamber, for example, autoignition of the contents. The RCM can thus be used to study chemical kinetics. In some embodiments, the electrical drive can also rapidly move the piston in reverse to expand a volume of the reaction chamber, for example, to quench the compression-induced reaction therein. In such embodiments, the RCM may be considered a rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM) and can be used for speciation studies.

A combustion speed, for example, is estimated or evaluated, with a required accuracy, more simply than the conventional art, while reducing man-hours to produce a heat generation rate waveform of an internal combustion engine. An increase rate of a heat generation rate relative to a change in a crank angle in a heat generation rate increasing period (e.g., a first-half combustion period a) in which the heat generation rate increases after ignition of an air-fuel mixture is defined as a heat generation rate gradient b/a that is one of characteristic values of the heat generation rate waveform. The heat generation rate gradient is estimated based on a fuel density (e.g., fuel density .sub.fuel@dQpeak at heat generation rate maximum time) at a predetermined time set in advance in the heat generation rate increasing period so as to produce the heat generation rate waveform using the estimated heat generation rate gradient.

A method of preventing a catalyst from being damaged through igniting timing correction may include confirming a number of engine revolutions, determining whether a misfire occurs; confirming a driving condition of a vehicle when the misfire occurs, determining an ignition timing correction efficiency based on the vehicle driving condition, and determining a misfire rate by determining and confirming a misfire effect of a cylinder based on the determined ignition timing correction efficiency