An unmanned aerial vehicle detector includes an unmanned aerial vehicle, a pump/detector combination on the unmanned aerial vehicle and a tube including a rigid section and a flexible section. The tube is connected at a proximal end to the pump/detector combination. The pump/detector combination is configured to draw gas samples from a distal end of the tube to the detector and to detect a level of a gas drawn from within a prescribed distance above ground level.

Disclosed herein is a variable soil sampling device which may be customized with respect to sampling rate and sorbent material used. Multiple variable sampling devices may be attached to each other to simultaneously sample different components or contaminants in the same time period.

A fluid sampling probe is provided. The probe comprises an elongate main tube having: an inlet end, an outlet end, and a fluid-sampling bore disposed within the elongate main tube and extending from the inlet end and to the outlet end; at least three elongate helical fins which are adapted to prevent or reduce probe damage caused by vortex-induced vibration. The elongate helical fins overlap along a length of the elongate main tube; and the fluid-sampling bore is open at or adjacent to the inlet end, and is adapted to receive a fluid-sample extracted from a fluid flowing past the fluid sampling probe. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for detecting seepage of hydrocarbons in subterranean zones. In one aspect, a method includes detecting hydrocarbon seepage at multiple different sampling depths from a surface in a surveyed geographic region, comparing each of the hydrocarbon seepage at the multiple different sampling depths, wherein hydrocarbon seepage at a reference depth is known, and determining hydrocarbon seepage through the surveyed geographic region based on a result of the comparison.

An apparatus for sampling landfill gas from a landfill flowing through a pipe. The apparatus may comprise: an enclosure configured to receive a section of the pipe; a gas sampling port in the section of the pipe; at least one sensor device disposed in a region of the enclosure, the at least one sensor being coupled to the section of the pipe through the gas sampling port; and thermal insulation positioned to retain heat from the section of the pipe in the region of the enclosure. A method of operating a landfill gas recovery system. The method may comprise: flowing gas from a well riser pipe through a sampling subsystem to a collection system; and heating a portion of the sampling subsystem with the gas flowing from the well riser pipe to the collection system.

Methods and systems for collecting, transporting and extracting high quality fluid samples for laboratory analyses are disclosed. The systems and methods disclosed are especially important for collecting fluid samples in a manner that most closely resembles the fluids as captured and safely maintains the samples during transportation and extraction at the laboratory.

Disclosed herein is a variable soil sampling device which may be customized with respect to sampling rate and sorbent material used. Multiple variable sampling devices may be attached to each other to simultaneously sample different components or contaminants in the same time period.

A control system for controlling extraction of landfill gas from a landfill via a gas extraction system comprising well piping, the landfill gas having a first temperature when extracted, the control system comprising: a gas composition chamber coupled to the well piping and comprising at least one sensor configured to measure one or more characteristics of a landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber; a temperature control mechanism configured to heat the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber to a second temperature at least a threshold amount greater than the first temperature; and a controller configured to control the at least one sensor to measure the one or more characteristics of the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber when a temperature of the landfill gas sample in the gas composition chamber is at least the threshold amount greater than the first temperature.

Exemplary embodiments are directed to a system for sampling sub-slab soil gas having an adaptor body that includes a first barbed portion, a collar portion, a second barbed portion, an internal cavity that axially passes through the length of the adaptor body, and a coupling portion. The system further includes one or more extensions such as a fitting extension, a filter extension, a sieve extension and a length extension, each of which are threadably retainable with the coupling portion of the adaptor body.

The present disclosure provides a low-energy-consumption in-situ extraction system for lunar rare gas and an extraction method. The system includes a screening device, a grinding device and a heating device. The method includes: a. using a robot arm to collect lunar soil and put into the screening device, and screening lunar soil with a particle size below 100 μm; b. adding and grinding screened lunar soil in the grinding device; c. adding and heating ground lunar soil in the heating device to 150-250° C., and releasing rare gases adsorbed. The present disclosure uses screening, grinding combined with traditional heating methods to achieve low power consumption in extracting rare gases on the surface of the moon, and extraction power consumption is only 10-30% of the power consumption of hot-melt extraction at 900° C. in the prior art, which is beneficial to promote the lunar resource utilization.