The invention relates to the measurement of the rheology of drilling fluid down a hydrocarbon well in real time during operations. A sensor device comprising a pipe rheometer with multiple diameters is installed in a bottom hole assembly tool, such that a portion of the total flow of drilling fluid passes through it. In this way the rheological properties of the drilling fluid can be determined under the high pressures and elevated temperatures encountered downhole.

The present disclosure provides a method of measuring an extensional viscosity of a polymer melt and a capillary injection system. The method includes the operations of: based on a weighted GNF viscosity model, obtaining a viscosity profile of the polymer melt according to a transport equation, a Navier Stokes equation, and a Trouton function; measuring a pressure drop of the polymer melt; obtaining a general viscosity of the polymer melt from the viscosity profile according to the pressure drop, wherein the general viscosity comprises a shear viscosity of the polymer melt and the extensional viscosity of the polymer melt; and extracting the extensional viscosity from the general viscosity.

The present disclosure provides a method of measuring an extensional viscosity of a polymer melt and a capillary injection system. The method includes the operations of: based on a weighted GNF viscosity model, obtaining a viscosity profile of the polymer melt according to a transport equation, a Navier Stokes equation, and a Trouton function; measuring a pressure drop of the polymer melt; obtaining a general viscosity of the polymer melt from the viscosity profile according to the pressure drop, wherein the general viscosity comprises a shear viscosity of the polymer melt and the extensional viscosity of the polymer melt; and extracting the extensional viscosity from the general viscosity.

Systems and methods for determining the yield stress of a non-Newtonian fluid in real time are provided. A pressure loss and/or liquid rise technique, an ultrasonic technique, and/or a penetrometer technique can be used to determine the yield stress of a non-Newtonian fluid. The ultrasonic technique can include a longitudinal wave approach and/or a shear wave approach. The methods and systems are non-invasive and only require slight modifications to the piping containing the non-Newtonian fluid in order to measure the yield stress.

Systems and methods for determining the yield stress of a non-Newtonian fluid in real time are provided. A pressure loss and/or liquid rise technique, an ultrasonic technique, and/or a penetrometer technique can be used to determine the yield stress of a non-Newtonian fluid. The ultrasonic technique can include a longitudinal wave approach and/or a shear wave approach. The methods and systems are non-invasive and only require slight modifications to the piping containing the non-Newtonian fluid in order to measure the yield stress.

The present disclosure provides a low-cost and accurate rheometer system and method capable of determining melt flow rheological properties of polymers, such as from Fused Filament Fabrication (“FFF”) polymeric materials. The device can include a filament feeding system, liquefier for filament melting, force transducer for measuring filament feeding force, and a temperature control system for controlling polymer melt temperatures. An electronic control system can capture data and manage operations. The system can measure a filament velocity and filament force required to extrude the FFF filament for printing. The filament velocity and force data can be used to compute data sets of melt volumetric flow relative to pressure drop across a FFF nozzle. An inverse analysis process transforms the computed data sets through nonlinear curve fitting to determine rheological parameters, independent of the customary calculation of apparent viscosity from shear stress and strain rate, that can assist in controlling the filament deposition.

The present disclosure provides a low-cost and accurate rheometer system and method capable of determining melt flow rheological properties of polymers, such as from Fused Filament Fabrication (“FFF”) polymeric materials. The device can include a filament feeding system, liquefier for filament melting, force transducer for measuring filament feeding force, and a temperature control system for controlling polymer melt temperatures. An electronic control system can capture data and manage operations. The system can measure a filament velocity and filament force required to extrude the FFF filament for printing. The filament velocity and force data can be used to compute data sets of melt volumetric flow relative to pressure drop across a FFF nozzle. An inverse analysis process transforms the computed data sets through nonlinear curve fitting to determine rheological parameters, independent of the customary calculation of apparent viscosity from shear stress and strain rate, that can assist in controlling the filament deposition.

This disclosure provides a system for measuring rheological properties of a fluid including a vessel with a shape defined by the following proportionality: x∝C ×y {circumflex over ( )}((1/n)) wherein the symbol ∝ refers to proportionality, and the variables x and y are coordinates on an x-y cartesian coordinate plane, where x is length and y is height; 2≤n≤4; and C is a constant with dimensions of length, and the vessel includes a hole at or near the y-coordinate minimum; a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor wherein the temperature sensor and pressure sensor are configured to transmit temperature and pressure information to a mobile display device, tablet, or computer, the mobile display device, tablet, or computer comprising memory and a processor and a software application configured to perform processing operations including accepting two input numerical values including density and viscosity measured by the vessel and outputting industry standard dial readings of a conventional rotational rheometer.

This disclosure provides a system for measuring rheological properties of a fluid including a vessel with a shape defined by the following proportionality: x∝C ×y {circumflex over ( )}((1/n)) wherein the symbol ∝ refers to proportionality, and the variables x and y are coordinates on an x-y cartesian coordinate plane, where x is length and y is height; 2≤n≤4; and C is a constant with dimensions of length, and the vessel includes a hole at or near the y-coordinate minimum; a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor wherein the temperature sensor and pressure sensor are configured to transmit temperature and pressure information to a mobile display device, tablet, or computer, the mobile display device, tablet, or computer comprising memory and a processor and a software application configured to perform processing operations including accepting two input numerical values including density and viscosity measured by the vessel and outputting industry standard dial readings of a conventional rotational rheometer.

Devices that include a liquid chamber including at least two ports, wherein the opening of a first port is larger than the opening of a second port, an air chamber including at least one port, and a membrane located between the liquid chamber and the air chamber, and a pressure sensor coupled to the port in the air chamber are provided. Systems including the disclosed devices are also provided. The systems include liquid in the liquid chamber of the device. Methods of using the devices and systems include measuring one or more properties of a liquid by flowing the liquid through the liquid chamber of the system and measuring the pressure produced due to the difference in size of the ports in the liquid chamber.