Disclosed is a system for measuring mass transfer in a membrane and solutions. The system includes: a membrane module 10 including a feed solution reservoir 11 accommodating a feed solution f, a draw solution reservoir 13 accommodating a draw solution d whose osmotic concentration is higher than that of the feed solution f, and a holder 15 supporting a semipermeable membrane m arranged between the feed solution reservoir 11 and the draw solution reservoir 13 and whose performance is to be measured; a feed solution storage tank 20 storing the feed solution f; and a feed solution supply pump 30 supplying the feed solution f from the feed solution storage tank 20 to the feed solution reservoir 11 at a fixed flow rate corresponding to a water flux WF across the membrane m such that the water flux WF is maintained constant.

A method for determining stress-dependent permeability includes providing a core sample in a pressurized core container of a testing apparatus and generating a steady-state flow of gas from an upstream reservoir in the testing apparatus along an axial direction through the pressurized core container into a downstream reservoir in the testing apparatus. During the steady-state flow, an inlet pressure at an inlet to the core sample, an outlet pressure at an outlet of the core sample, and a midpoint pressure at a midpoint of the core sample are measured. The stress-dependent permeability is calculated from a flow rate of the gas through the core sample and the measurements of the inlet pressure, the outlet pressure, and the midpoint pressure.

A method includes screening heterogeneity of a rock sample using nuclear magnetic resonance testing to determine a composition of the rock sample, drilling at least one smaller rock sample representative of the determined composition, and testing the at least one smaller rock sample with mercury injection capillary pressure to obtain a capillary pressure distribution of the at least one smaller rock sample. The method further includes decomposing a T.sub.2 distribution from the nuclear magnetic resonance testing and the capillary pressure distribution using Gaussian fitting to identify multiple pore systems, where the small ends of the Gaussian fitted T.sub.2 distribution and the Gaussian fitted capillary pressure distribution are overlapped for at least one of the identified pore systems.

Investigating the permeability and porosity of geological samples is a routine element of geological studies, and is of particular interest in the oil and gas industry. Core-flood experiments are commonly performed on rock samples to measure transport characteristics in the laboratory. This disclosure reports the design and implementation of a high resolution distributed pressure measurement system for core-flood experiments. A series of microfabricated pressure sensors can be embedded in bolts that are housed within the pressurized polymer sheath that encases a rock core. A feedthrough technology has been developed to provide lead transfer between the sensors and system electronics across a 230-bar pressure difference. The system has been successfully benchtop tested with fluids such as synthetic oil and/or gas. Pressure measurements were recorded over a dynamic range of 20 bar with a resolution as small as 0.3 mbar.

A system and a method for testing a filter used in ultrapure water are provided. The method for testing a filter, which is used for removing particles from ultrapure water, comprises: providing a testing solution with particles; detecting the particles in the testing solution by a particle counter; passing the testing solution through a filter; and detecting the particles in the testing solution, which is passed through the filter, by another particle counter.

A physical modeling method that includes providing a reservoir core plug, the reservoir core plug having a wellbore interface end, an outlet interface end, and a cylindrical face and saturating the reservoir core plug with hydrocarbon and brine to form a saturated core plug. The method also includes positioning the saturated core plug within a flooding apparatus and pumping the fracturing fluid through saturated core plug to displace a portion of the hydrocarbon to form a displaced hydrocarbon plug. In addition the method includes positioning the displaced hydrocarbon plug in an imbibition cell and conducting an imbibition test to form an imbibed core plug having brine and hydrocarbon. Further the method includes positioning the imbibed core plug in core-flooding apparatus and displacing a portion of the brine and hydrocarbon from the imbibed core plug.

The present invention discloses a testing device and evaluation method for sensitivity damage of core permeability tensor, comprising the following steps: first, obtain the cubic experimental rock samples and calculate the formation pressure distribution based on the reservoir geological data; then simulate the true stress and strain state of core in formation through triaxial stress loading, design the acid liquor, alkali liquor, inorganic salt solution, formation water and different displacement rates for displacement experiments, realize the determination of core three-directional permeability tensor under the same experimental conditions through three-directional sequential displacement, process the experimental data through Darcy's law, and calculate the damage degree of core permeability tensor under different sensitivity conditions of triaxial stress state; finally, identify the real-time flow state of fluid through permeability tensor synthesis, and realize the accurate and efficient testing and evaluation on permeability tensor sensitivity of reservoirs.

A measuring device for pore throat pressure of Jamin effect based on mechanochromic materials is provided and includes: a bubble pressurization part, configured to inject bubbles into a microscopic visualization test part; the microscopic visualization test part including a mechanochromic material and a pore throat structure, configured to characterize changes of pore throat pressure during bubble injection; a waste liquid recycling part, configured to recycle bubble waste liquid passing through the microscopic visualization test part; a data acquisition and analysis part, configured to acquire changing data of the pore throat pressure in the microscopic visualization test part and analyze the changing data to obtain the pore throat pressure. The device is simple in structure and easy to operate, and provides a method for measuring an internal surface pressure of an object. The method can realize a real time measurement of the pore throat pressure of Jamin effect.

Provided are methods of producing a batch of 1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; 5-azido-5-deoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride; and/or migalastat hydrochloride. Also provided are methods of determining the purity of a batch of 1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; 5-azido-5-deoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride; and/or migalastat hydrochloride. Also provided are methods of distributing a batch of 1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; 5-azido-5-deoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrapivaloyl-D-galactofuranoside; intermediate grade migalastat hydrochloride; and/or migalastat hydrochloride. Also provided are methods of assessing suitability of migalastat hydrochloride for medical use.

An air filter includes filter media, a sensor, and circuitry coupled to the sensor, the circuitry configured to receive data from the sensor representative of the condition of the filter media and wirelessly transmit such data. The data may be received by a device with a display to use the information to present an indication of the filter media condition to a user.