Provided is a seal material having high rigidity without deformation or breakage, excellent corrosion resistance to fluid, and low solubility when used under high sealing force, and to provide a flow cell, a detector, and an analyzer in which there is no fluid leakage, contamination of the seal material components is prevented, and the replacement frequency is low. Provided are a seal material for an analyzer, including a resin and at least one layer of fiber sheet embedded in the resin, wherein the at least one layer of fiber sheet is embedded between and in substantially parallel to two seal surfaces: a first seal surface, which is one resin surface of the seal material; and a second seal surface, which is the other resin surface substantially parallel to the former one, and a flow cell, a detector, and an analyzer using the seal material.

A pressure cell includes a metal pressure chamber, a heating stage, disposed in the interior of the metal pressure chamber, that heats the liquid sample, a chamber pump, connected to the interior of the metal pressure chamber, that pressurizes the interior of the metal pressure chamber, a salinity control system including a membrane coupled to the sample inlet, where the membrane is configured to reduce a salinity level of the liquid sample, and a controller that controls the chamber pump, the salinity control system, and the heating stage to control a pressure of the interior of the metal pressure chamber, a salinity level of the liquid sample, and a temperature of the liquid sample, respectively. The metal pressure chamber includes a liquid sample holder, a removable lid, a window in the removable lid, a sample inlet, and a sample outlet.

The present invention relates to methods for determining the change in concentration of a substance in solution over time by continuously monitoring in real time. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for continuously monitoring the concentration of compounds during the manufacturing process of biomolecules.

The present invention relates to methods for determining the change in concentration of a substance in solution over time by continuously monitoring in real time. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for continuously monitoring the concentration of compounds during the manufacturing process of biomolecules.

A pressure cell for sum frequency generation spectroscopy includes: a metal pressure chamber; a heating stage that heats a liquid sample; an ultrasonic stage that emulsifies the liquid sample; a chamber pump that pressurizes an interior of the metal pressure chamber; and a controller that controls the chamber pump, the ultrasonic stage, and the heating stage to control a pressure of the interior of the metal pressure chamber, an emulsification of the liquid sample, and a temperature of the liquid sample, respectively. The metal pressure chamber includes: a liquid sample holder that retains the liquid sample; a removable lid that seals against a base; a window in the removable lid; a sample inlet that flows the liquid sample from an exterior of the metal pressure chamber to the liquid sample holder at a predetermined flow rate; and a sample outlet.

A small angle laser scatterometer with a temperature-pressure-controllable sample cell and a characterization method, the scatterometer formed by sequentially arranging a laser source, an adjustable attenuator, a beam expanding lens, a polarizer, the temperature-pressure-controllable sample cell, an analyzer, a transmission-type projection screen and an image acquisition device. The temperature-pressure-controllable sample cell is composed of a visual autoclave, a temperature control component, a rapid cooling component and a pressure control component. An evolution process of microstructures of polymer materials in specific atmosphere and rapid temperature and pressure changing environments on a scale of 0.5 μm to 10 μm. Researching a condensed state evolution law of the polymer materials in high-pressure environments can provide a process solution for regulating crystallization and phase separation of the polymer materials and new thought for further and deep reveal of a polymer material crystallization mechanism.

A pressure cell for sum frequency generation spectroscopy includes: a metal pressure chamber; a heating stage that heats a liquid sample; an ultrasonic stage that emulsifies the liquid sample; a chamber pump that pressurizes an interior of the metal pressure chamber; and a controller that controls the chamber pump, the ultrasonic stage, and the heating stage to control a pressure of the interior of the metal pressure chamber, an emulsification of the liquid sample, and a temperature of the liquid sample, respectively. The metal pressure chamber includes: a liquid sample holder that retains the liquid sample; a removable lid that seals against a base; a window in the removable lid; a sample inlet that flows the liquid sample from an exterior of the metal pressure chamber to the liquid sample holder at a predetermined flow rate; and a sample outlet.

A pressure cell for sum frequency generation spectroscopy includes: a metal pressure chamber; a heating stage that heats the liquid sample; a pump, connected to an interior of the metal pressure chamber, that pressurizes the interior of the metal pressure chamber; and a controller that controls the pump and the heating stage to control a pressure of the interior of the metal pressure chamber and a temperature of a liquid sample. The metal pressure chamber includes: a base that retains the liquid sample; a removable lid that seals against the base to enclose the liquid sample in the metal pressure chamber; and a window in the removable lid that exposes the liquid sample to an exterior of the metal pressure chamber.

An optical sensor device (1) for a fluid substance (LS) comprises a device body (2) having a detection portion (14), associated to which is a sensitive optical part that comprises at least one of an emitter (20) and a receiver (21) of an optical radiation (R.sub.e, R.sub.r). The detection portion (14) is made of a material transparent to the optical radiation (R.sub.e, R.sub.r) and has an inner surface (23a, 23b) and an outer surface (15), the outer surface (15) being designed to be in contact with the fluid substance (LS) and the inner surface (23a, 23b) being designed to be isolated from the fluid substance. The at least one of the emitter (20) and the receiver (21) of the sensitive optical part is optically coupled to the inner surface (23a, 23b) of the detection portion (14), in such a way that the optical radiation (R.sub.e, R.sub.r) is at least in part propagated through the detection portion (14), in particular with an angle and/or an intensity that is variable as a function of a characteristic of the fluid substance. The optical sensor device (1) comprises a protection arrangement, configured for preventing possible deformation of the detection portion (14) caused by an increase in volume of the fluid substance (LS), in particular deformation of at least one of its inner surface (23a, 23b) and its outer surface (15). The protection arrangement comprises at least one compensation element (13) having an elastically deformable body, which is able to contract, for compensating thereby a possible increase in volume of the fluid substance (LS) or else for enabling a reversible displacement of the detection portion (14) following upon a possible increase in volume of the fluid substance (LS).

A method and a device monitors the quality of gaseous media dispensed by a filling station, in particular hydrogen, by an infrared measuring system. The infrared measuring system is connected into the dispensing path of the respective gaseous medium extending from the filling station to a consumer, and measures the transmission of infrared radiation at different wavelengths and different pressures. From the transmission measurements, the concentration of contaminants, which influence the quality, is calculated. At least when predetrminable quality parameters are exceeded, this exceeding is indicated.