A measuring device can be used under high pressure and can measure impurity particles contained in a hydraulic oil with high accuracy. A flow path hole opening on two facing surfaces of a housing has flat side surfaces. A cavity opens on the side surface, and a cavity opens on the side surface. Light emitted from a light irradiating section irradiates a hydraulic oil flowing in the flow path hole, via a cell disposed in the cavity in a direction substantially orthogonal to a center axis. Light passing through the hydraulic oil is received by a light receiving section via a cell disposed in the cavity opening on the side surface.

A system and method for determining impurities in a beverage grade gas such as CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 relies on a coupling of FTIR analysis and UV fluorescence detection. Conversion of reduced sulphur present in some impurities to SO.sub.2 can be conducted using a furnace. In some cases, CO.sub.2 % also is determined.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for monitoring the quality of gaseous media which can be dispensed by a filling station, in particular hydrogen, by means of an infrared measuring system (42), which is connected into the dispensing path of live respective gaseous medium running fom the filling station to a consumer, and which measures the transmission of infared radiation at different wavelengths and different pressures and calculates therefrom the concentration of contaminants, which influence the quality. At least when predeterminable quality parameters are exceeded, this is indicated.

The present invention relates to methods for determining the change in concentration of a substance in solution over time by continuously monitoring in real time. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for continuously monitoring the concentration of compounds during the manufacturing process of biomolecules.

A system is presented. The system includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a mode matched electromagnetic radiation that irradiates a gas mixture filled in a gas compartment at a determined pressure P bars, an intensity enhancement mechanism that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation a plurality of times to achieve an effective intensity E, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in a region of interest, that is N times an intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation, and a detection subsystem that analyses the gas-mixture based upon Raman Scattered photons emitted from the region of interest, wherein a product of the P and the N is at least 30.

A liquid directing sample container includes a well. The well has sides and a floor. The sides having a non-circular profile having an interior angle that, at a target location within the well, is smaller than other interior angles of the profile to wick liquid towards the target location. The floor is sloped downward towards the target location.

A cell for transmission and absorbance testing by means of infrared, UV/VIS or Raman spectroscopy is provided. The cell comprises a unique combination of seals and window configurations which allow use of inert fluoropolymer and/or elastomer seals instead of the convention sealing means used in spectroscopic sampling cells currently is use, particularly lead seals amalgamated with mercury which are not useable under RoHS rules particularly the EU RoHS directive, which is Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament. The seal configuration also permits innovative cell configurations for UV/VIS spectroscopy and Raman which usually employ cuvettes comprised of glass or fused silica with fused seals or melted frit seals.

A system is presented. The system includes an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a mode-matched electromagnetic radiation that irradiates a gas-mixture filled in a gas compartment at a determined pressure P bars, an intensity enhancement mechanism that internally reflects the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation a plurality of times to achieve an effective intensity E, of reflected electromagnetic radiation in a region of interest, that is N times an intensity of the mode-matched electromagnetic radiation, and a detection subsystem that analyzes the gas-mixture based upon Raman scattered photons emitted from the region of interest, wherein a product of the P and the N is at least 30.

Provided is a seal material having high rigidity without deformation or breakage, excellent corrosion resistance to fluid, and low solubility when used under high sealing force, and to provide a flow cell, a detector, and an analyzer in which there is no fluid leakage, contamination of the seal material components is prevented, and the replacement frequency is low. Provided are a seal material for an analyzer, including a resin and at least one layer of fiber sheet embedded in the resin, wherein the at least one layer of fiber sheet is embedded between and in substantially parallel to two seal surfaces: a first seal surface, which is one resin surface of the seal material; and a second seal surface, which is the other resin surface substantially parallel to the former one, and a flow cell, a detector, and an analyzer using the seal material.

A system and method for determining impurities in a beverage grade gas such as CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 relies on a coupling of FTIR analysis and UV fluorescence detection. Conversion of reduced sulphur present in some impurities to SO.sub.2 can be conducted using a furnace. In some cases, CO.sub.2 % also is determined.