A sensor for monitoring CO.sub.2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO.sub.2. The amount of CO.sub.2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters

There is described an equipment and method for analysis of a fluid, suspension, solution, dispersion or fluid emulsion that automatically analyzes the characteristic properties of the samples of the fluids, such as paints, enamels, and dyes, among others, so that adjustments can be made to the fluid to meet the optical properties such as color, opacity, hue, saturation (tinting power), covering and luminosity, from the spectrometric measurement technique by transmission analysis of film having radiated fixed thickness.

A sensor device including a sensor element, a cover panel, and a detection device detecting contaminants on the cover panel. The detection device includes an emitter emitting light, a coupling-in device coupling light into the cover panel, a decoupling device decoupling light from the cover panel, and a detector. The emitter and the coupling-in device couple light into the cover panel at a plurality of angles, and due to total reflection within the cover panel, the light propagates to the decoupling device and reaches the detector. If contaminants are on the cover panel, the total reflection for light coupled in at an angle within an extinction range is at least partially extinguished, and the detector is configured to detect the extinguishing of the total reflection for these angles. The detection device is configured to deduce the type of contaminant from the angles for which the total reflection has been extinguished.

A system and method for calibration of a fluorometer using a calibration cell comprising a sealed container housing one or more calibration solutions of known fluorescence. The inventive calibration device includes a sealed calibration cell housed in a storage chamber that may be permanently or temporarily affixed to the top of a fluorometer such that the calibration solution can be moved by manual or automated means directly from the storage chamber to the fluorometer cell for a calibration operation. All of the solution needed for any given calibration can be contained exclusively, in small quantity, inside the calibration cell.

A sensor for monitoring CO.sub.2 in a fluid regardless of the phase properties of the fluid, i.e., regardless of whether the fluid contacting the window is a liquid water-based phase, a liquid oil-based phase, a mixture of liquid water and liquid oil-based phases, or a gas phase. The sensor includes an internal reflection window for contacting with the fluid. A mid-infrared light source directs a beam of mid-infrared radiation into the window and the beam is internal reflected at an interface between the window and the fluid. The reflected beam is passed through three narrow bandpass filters which preferentially transmit mid-infrared radiation over bands of wavelengths corresponding to absorbance peaks of water, oil and CO.sub.2. The amount of CO.sub.2 is determined from the intensities of the mid-infrared radiation passing through the three filters.

A device for light-based analysis of a substance in a liquid sample comprises: an analysis cell for holding the liquid sample; wherein the analysis cell comprises a first wall portion for passing light generated by a light source into the analysis cell, and a second wall portion for passing light from the analysis cell to a light detector; and a plunger configured for movement along walls of the analysis cell for allowing entry of the liquid sample into the analysis cell and pushing the liquid sample out of the analysis cell; wherein at least one wiper is arranged on the plunger for cleaning the first and second wall portions during movement of the plunger.

A device for light-based analysis of a substance in a liquid sample comprises: an analysis cell for holding the liquid sample during analysis; a plunger configured for movement along walls of the analysis cell for allowing entry of the liquid sample into the analysis cell and pushing the liquid sample out of the analysis cell, wherein a first analysis measurement is allowed to be performed while a second portion of the plunger is arranged between a light source and a light detector; wherein the plunger is movable to a completely retracted position in the analysis cell for allowing a second analysis measurement to be performed such that light being detected by the light detector is passed through the liquid sample filling a space between opposite walls of the analysis cell.

There is described an equipment and method for analysis of a fluid, suspension, solution, dispersion or fluid emulsion that automatically analyzes the characteristic properties of the samples of the fluids, such as paints, enamels, and dyes, among others, so that adjustments can be made to the fluid to meet the optical properties such as color, opacity, hue, saturation (tinting power), covering and luminosity, from the spectrometric measurement technique by transmission analysis of film having radiated fixed thickness.

A sensor of the present disclosure includes a sensor housing with a housing window; a sensor unit arranged in the sensor housing suitable for emitting a sensor signal through the housing window and for receiving a detection signal through the housing window (3); a cleaning unit having a cleaning element, a holder and a drive, wherein the cleaning element is attached to the holder such that the cleaning element is suitable for contacting the housing window from the outside, wherein the drive is non-positively connected to the holder and is suitable for moving the cleaning element across the housing window; and a pressing unit which is suitable for exerting an adjustable contact pressure on the cleaning unit so that the cleaning element is pressed against the housing window with the contact pressure.

Aspects relate to automated cell culture incubators comprising imaging systems, e.g., holographic or phase-contrast imagers, configured for imaging said cells within the incubators.