An opto chip for detecting a physical parameter of a liquid sample, comprising an optical structure monolithically integrated with a substrate layer and a functional layer, wherein the substrate layer is light-transmissive and configured to have an upper surface for receiving a droplet of the liquid sample and a lower surface bonded to the functional layer; and the functional layer comprises a light-emitting region and a light-detecting region with the light-emitting region being configured to emit measurement light. The light-detecting region is configured to receive reflected light derived from the measurement light and a signal reflecting the change in intensity thereof is converted into a photocurrent signal. A viscometer and detection method operated using the same opto chip technique. The need for complex external optical calibration is thus eliminated, making the viscometer easier to operate and reducing the overall size of the device.

Method and device for determining at least one substance concentration (c) or at least one substance in a liquid medium, wherein the method consists of the following steps, liquid medium is introduced at a predefined flow speed into a vessel having a known shape, electromagnetic waves having predefined wavelength or having predefined wavelength range are coupled into the liquid medium contained in the vessel, wherein the electromagnetic waves cover a path length in the liquid medium which is dependent on a fill level (x.sub.i) of the liquid medium in the vessel, intensities (.sub.i) of the electromagnetic waves are measured after covering the path length in the liquid medium at at least two predefined points in time (t.sub.i) and/or at at least two predefined fill levels (x.sub.i) of the vessel, and
after a last intensity measurement, the at least one substance concentration (c) or the at least one substance is determined using the measured intensities (.sub.i) and the at least two predefined points in time (t.sub.i) or the at least two predefined fill levels (x.sub.i), respectively.

Embodiments of the present disclosure demonstrate cavitating measuring devices. A liquid sample is cavitated to generate bubbles of gas. A frequency-specific radiation is emitted and passes through at least one bubble of gas. The frequency-specific radiation emerges from the bubble of gas as an absorption signal comprising the frequency-specific radiation. The absorption signal is detected and communicated to a system processor. The system processor analyzes the absorption signal data and determines the chemical components present in the liquid sample. Embodiments of the present disclosure describe both static and dynamic liquid samples. The liquid samples can be measured at the sample site.

The invention is a method for characterizing a liquid sample, said liquid sample containing particles, the method comprising the following steps: a) illuminating said sample using a light source that is able to emit an incident light wave towards the sample; b) detecting, using a photodetector, a light wave transmitted by the sample thus illuminated; c) characterizing the sample depending on an intensity of the light wave detected by the photodetector. The method comprises, prior to step c), applying an acoustic wave to the sample, said acoustic wave forming pressure nodes and pressure antinodes in the sample, so as to separate, in the latter, a poor portion, poor in particles, and rich portion, rich in particles, such that, in step c), the sample is characterized: either on the basis of the intensity of the light wave transmitted by the poor portion; or on the basis of the intensity of the light wave transmitted by the rich portion.

A fluid analyzer for analysis of analyte bearing fluids includes an optical source and an optical transducer defining a beam path of an optical beam; a fluid flow cell with a fluid channel, wherein an interrogation region is defined in which the optical beam interacts with the fluids resulting in transducer output signals; and a controller configured and operative to control operation of the fluid analyzer. In one example the fluid analyzer is controlled to (1) combine a third fluid with the first or second fluid, (2) conduct the first fluid and second fluid through the interrogation region in first and second intervals respectively, (3) measure the transducer output signals during the first and second time intervals, and (4) determine, from the transducer output signals measurement, values of the first and second fluids and an indication of a physical property of the first fluid.

A fluid analyzer includes an optical source and an optical detector defining an optical beam path through an interrogation region of a fluid flow cell. Flow-control devices conduct analyte and reference fluids through a channel and the interrogation region, and manipulate fluid flow in response to control signals to move a fluid boundary separating the analyte and reference fluids across the interrogation region. A controller generates control signals to (1) cause the fluid boundary to be moved across the interrogation region accordingly, (2) sample an output signal from the optical detector at a first interval during which the interrogation region contains more analyte fluid than reference fluid and at a second interval during which the interrogation region contains more reference fluid than analyte fluid, and (3) determine from samples of the output signal a measurement value indicative of an optically measured characteristic of the analyte fluid.

The gas content of a liquid is quickly and reliably controlled by delivering at least one sub-quantity of the liquid into a measurement cell in which a negative pressure is set. A wave-shaped measurement signal is applied to the sub-quantity, and the wave-shaped measurement signal is measured by at least one detector after coming into contact with the sub-quantity of the liquid. A turbidity value of the liquid is determined and compared with a threshold. If the turbidity value is greater than or equal to the threshold, a pressure and a temperature in the measurement cell are measured, and the gas content in the liquid is ascertained using stored characteristics for the solubility of the gas in the liquid dependent on the pressure and temperature.

A fluid analyzer includes an optical source and an optical detector defining an optical beam path through an interrogation region of a fluid flow cell. Flow-control devices conduct analyte and reference fluids through a channel and the interrogation region, and manipulate fluid flow in response to control signals to move a fluid boundary separating the analyte and reference fluids across the interrogation region. A controller generates control signals to (1) cause the fluid boundary to be moved across the interrogation region accordingly, (2) sample an output signal from the optical detector at a first interval during which the interrogation region contains more analyte fluid than reference fluid and at a second interval during which the interrogation region contains more reference fluid than analyte fluid, and (3) determine from samples of the output signal a measurement value indicative of an optically measured characteristic of the analyte fluid.

A terminal and electrical water-resistance method, the terminal includes: a circuit board, a battery providing a power source for the circuit board, a housing provided with a transparent medium used for reflecting light; the circuit board includes: a detection module, configured to: emit light towards the transparent medium, receive the light reflected by the transparent medium to convert into electric signal data to send to a control module; the control module, configured to: receive the electric signal data to compare with preset data, trigger the power-off switch when a difference value between the electric signal data and the preset data reaches a preset threshold which is preset according to the light and the transparent medium, wherein, the preset data are electric signal data when the light is totally reflected by the transparent medium; a power-off switch configured to: disconnect a connection between the circuit board and the battery after triggering.

The present invention provides a system and method for a surface plasmon resonance measuring and injection system and to a method for surface plasmon resonance measurement using the so-called cuvette-injection-flow system.