The present disclosure is directed towards characterizing liquids through the use of magnetic discs that rotate in response to dynamic magnetic fields. In some embodiments, a light beam is transmitted into the liquid while the magnetic discs rotate, and one or more parameters a light beam signal associated with the transmitted light beam are identified. Various characteristics of the liquid may be detected based on the one or more parameters of the light beam signal.

According to one embodiment, a specimen measurement apparatus includes a detector and a control circuit, and is configured to perform a plurality of steps to measure the properties of a test substance retained in a reaction container. The detector outputs electromagnetic waves to the reaction container and detects the electromagnetic waves that vary according to the state in the reaction container. The control circuit controls transition timing between steps of the plurality of steps based on the detection result of the electromagnetic waves obtained by the detector.

The invention relates to a sensor apparatus (100) and a method for detecting clusters with magnetic particles in a sample. The sample is provided in at least one sample chamber (114) of a substantially planar cartridge (110) that is exposed to a modulated magnetic field (B.sub.xz, B.sub.yz) generated by a magnetic field generator (190). The sample chamber (114) is illuminated with excitation light (L.sub.0), and the resulting output light (L.sub.s) is detected by a light detector (180). The magnetic field (B.sub.xz, B.sub.yz) may particularly rotate, inducing a corresponding rotation of clusters which in turn induces a variation of the detection signal (S). According to a preferred embodiment, excitation light (L.sub.0) is focused onto blocking spots (173) behind the sample chamber (114), thus shielding the light detector (180) from direct illumination.

Various embodiments are drawn to systems and methods for detecting an analyte of interest in a solution that also contains a plurality of magnetic particles. The system may include a first magnet configured to generate a first magnetic field that forces the magnetic particles in the solution toward an optical sensor with a capture probe. A detector may be included to detect a change in an optical property of the optical sensor, the change in the optical property resulting from the binding of at least the analyte, a magnetic particle, and the capture probe at the optical sensor.

A magneto-optical defect center magnetometer, such as a diamond nitrogen vacancy (DNV) magnetometer, can include an excitation source, a magneto-optical defect center element, a collection device, a top plate, a bottom plate, and a printed circuit board. The excitation source, the magneto-optical defect center element, and the collection device are each mounted to the printed circuit board

The present disclosure is directed towards characterizing liquids through the use of magnetic discs that rotate in response to dynamic magnetic fields. In some embodiments, a light beam is transmitted into the liquid while the magnetic discs rotate, and one or more parameters a light beam signal associated with the transmitted light beam are identified. Various characteristics of the liquid may be detected based on the one or more parameters of the light beam signal.

The present invention provides a magnetic-control measurement system, comprises a reaction container and a programable magnetron measurement unit. The reaction container is configured to fill a target suspension having a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs); the programable magnetron measurement unit comprises: an opaque housing, a loading platform is configured to place the reaction container, a light-emitting device is configured to generate a high directional light through the reaction container, a magnetic field generator is disposed on opposite two sides of the loading platform for generating an alternating magnetic field forced on the reaction container in an operating time, a sensing device is configured to detect a light intensity variance of the high directional light through the reaction container, a processor is configured to calculate a value and an efficiency of absorption of the target suspension, and a display is communicatively coupled to the processor, to display the value and the efficiency of absorption of the target suspension.

The present invention is directed to devices and systems for rapidly producing high resolution images of magnetic fields in a sample. The devices and systems employ diamond chips with color centers that fluoresce in the presence of magnetic fields. The high resolution is due to the use of one of three excitation methods. The first method employs modulation of an acoustic surface wave, which increases/decreases the sensitivity of the color centers to magnetic fields. The second and third methods employ arrays of magnetic field coils and electrode pairs, respectively, which again increase/decrease the sensitivity of the color centers to magnetic fields. The color centers are preferably nitrogen vacancies in the diamond chips.

A method for determining at least one property of magnetic matter includes: applying a magnetic field to magnetic matter; directing first light on the magnetic matter at a first set of incident angles; receiving a first set of signatures associated with the first light scattered from the magnetic matter; varying orientation of the magnetic matter with respect to the magnetic field; directing second light on the magnetic matter at a second set of incident angles; receiving a second set of signatures associated with the second light scattered from the magnetic matter; determining, by processing the first set and the second set of signatures according to a dispersion relation, at least one property of the magnetic matter.

A measurement apparatus and method based on a photon number resolving detector (3). The measurement apparatus comprises a sample holder (1), a coherent light source (2), and the photon number resolving detector (3). The sample holder (1) is configured to be able to receive a sample (200), and is further configured to be able to accommodate the sample (200) for chemical reaction, adjust the temperature of the sample (200), and adjust the mechanical and motion states of the sample (200). The coherent light source (2) is configured to be able to emit incident light towards the sample (200) on the sample holder (1). The photon number resolving detector (3) is configured to be able to measure data of transmitted light, reflected light, and scattered light passing through the sample (200) on the sample holder (1) and perform statistics and analysis so as to obtain statistical photon characteristics of the transmitted light, the reflected light, and the scattered light.