Techniques are disclosed relating to fluorescence-based flow cytometry. A flow cytometer may include a partially-reflective surface configured to reflect a first portion of fluorescent emissions from a sample to a first optical sensor and direct a second, greater portion of fluorescent emissions from the sample to a second optical sensor and a controller configured to determine a value representing the intensity of the fluorescent emissions based on a first measurement taken by the first optical sensor, a second measurement taken by the second optical sensor, or both. A flow cytometer may include a baseplate with a first side and a second, opposing side with a flow cell, a laser, and a reflective surface disposed above the first side and an optical sensor and isolating material disposed below the second side. The reflective surface receives fluorescent emissions and reflects at least a portion through the baseplate to the optical sensor. A flow cytometer may include a flow cell, a laser, a first optical sensor positioned to measure scattered laser light, a second optical sensor positioned to measure fluorescent emissions, and a controller configured to adjust the measurements taken by the second optical sensor based on a comparison of measurements taken by the first optical sensor with expected measurements based on a known beam profile of the laser beam.

The present disclosure relates to a fluorescence filter for measuring fluorescence generated by a measurement object and an image sensor module including the same, and includes an absorption filter transmitting light within a specific wavelength band generated by the measurement object including a fluorescent dye and absorbs light in the remaining wavelength bands, and a reflection filter that is disposed adjacent to the absorption filter, transmits light within a specific wavelength band generated by the measurement object, and reflects light in the remaining wavelength bands, wherein the absorption filter has a plurality of wells having a predetermined depth in which the measurement object is accommodated, and wherein the plurality of wells are disposed at regular intervals on an incident surface of the absorption filter to which external light is incident.

An optical detection system for a capillary electrophoresis instrument is disclosed. The system includes an ultraviolet (UV) source and an absorption measurement optical path. In an embodiment, the optical path comprises a first plurality of optical elements arranged to obtain a plurality of respective UV beamlets from a UV beam emitted by the UV source and to direct the respective UV beamlets transversely through respective capillaries of a plurality of capillaries and to an absorption detector positioned to detect respective signals for use in obtaining respective UV absorption measurements corresponding to the respective capillaries.

A multi-mode illumination system, including: a first illumination module; a second illumination module; and a third illumination module, as disclosed herein.

An apparatus (100) for optically characterizing a textile sample (106) comprises a presentation subsystem (102) comprising a viewing window (108). A radiation subsystem (114) comprises a radiation source (120) for directing a first, ultraviolet radiation (122) and a second, visible radiation (123) toward the sample (106), and causing the sample (106) to produce a fluorescent radiation (124) and a reflected radiation (125). A sensing subsystem (126) comprises an imager (130) for capturing the fluorescent radiation (124) and the reflected radiation (125) in an array of pixels (408). A control subsystem (132) comprises a processor (136) for controlling the presentation subsystem (102), the radiation subsystem (114), and the sensing subsystem (126), and for creating a fluorescent and reflected radiation image (400) containing both spectral information and spatial information in regard to the fluorescent radiation (124) and the reflected radiation (125).

Techniques are for detecting presence of a problematic cellular entity in a target. In an example, using an analysis model, a fluorescence-based image is analyzed. The analysis model is trained using a number of reference fluorescence-based images for detecting the presence of problematic cellular entities in targets. Based on the analysis, a problematic cellular entity present in the target is detected. To perform the detection, the analysis model is trained to differentiate between the fluorescence in the fluorescence-based image emerging from the problematic cellular entity and the fluorescence in the fluorescence-based image emerging from regions other than the problematic cellular entity.

A detection of the Gram type of a bacterial strain includes: illumination, in the wavelength range 415 nm-440 nm, of at least one bacterium of said strain having a natural electromagnetic response in said range; acquisition, in the range 415 nm-440 nm, of a light intensity reflected by, or transmitted through, said illuminated bacterium; and determination of the Gram type of the bacterial strain as a function of the light intensity acquired in the range 415 nm-440 nm.

Systems and methods for determining properties of gemstones based, inter alia, on fluorescence properties of the gemstones, are presented. In one aspect, properties of at least one gemstone can be determined. In another aspect, a relationship between at least two gemstones can be determined. In one example, a first and a second gemstones are illuminated with illuminating light of at least one fluorescence-exciting wavelength range; corresponding at least one first fluorescence-emission light and at least one second fluorescence-emission light spectrum, emitted from the first and second gemstones respectively are detected and analyzed, either independently or by comparison, to determine the relationship between the first and second gemstones. In some examples, data indicative of visible light absorbance or three-dimensional models of the gemstones is combined with the fluorescence data to determine the properties or the relationship.

A method for detecting mercury (Hg.sup.2+) ions in an aqueous solution is described. The method includes contacting the aqueous solution with a chemosensor to form a mixture; and monitoring a change in a fluorescence emission profile of the chemosensor in the mixture to determine the presence or absence of Hg.sup.2+ ions in the aqueous solution. The chemosensor includes pyrene silica nanoparticles where at least one pyrene is bonded to a surface of a silica nanoparticle through an amide bond with a formula of, pyrene-C(═O)NHR-silica nanoparticle, and where R is an alkyl chain.

Provided herein are analyzers as well as related methods for measuring both an absorbance and emission of a sample. The analyzer includes light sources for epi-illumination and transillumination of the sample, and detectors for measuring the intensities of excitation, emission, and transillumination light. A dichroic mirror permits a portion of the excitation light to transmit to a detector that monitors changes in excitation light intensity. Temperature sensors allow for signal corrections based on temperature variations of the detectors and sample.