An apparatus for estimating body water status includes a spectrometer having a light source configured to emit light onto an object, and a detector configured to measure a near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectrum by detecting light scattered or reflected from the object; and a processor configured to estimate an albumin concentration in the object based on the measured NIR absorption spectrum, and to estimate a body water index based on the estimated albumin concentration by using a body water index estimation model that represents a relationship between a change in the albumin concentration and a change in an amount of body water present in the object.

The present disclosure provides for an apparatus for measuring optical properties of liquid samples. The apparatus includes a sample chamber and a spectrometer optically coupled with the sample chamber. One or multiple sources of electromagnetic radiation are positioned relative to the sample chamber to direct electromagnetic radiation through the sample chamber to measure the color, haze, and/or clarity of the sample. Also provided is a method for measuring optical properties of liquid samples, including inserting a cuvette containing a liquid sample into the sample chamber of the apparatus, and directing electromagnetic radiation from the one or more sources and through the sample to measure the color, haze, and/or clarity of the sample. The apparatus and methods may be used to analyze various samples, such as petroleum-based fluids, including fuels and lubricants.

Methods and systems for detecting barrier blockage in a gas detector are disclosed. In some embodiments, a gas detector comprises a barrier configured to define a sensing chamber of the gas detector. The gas detector further comprises a radiation detection system. The radiation detection system comprises a radiation source and a detector. The radiation detection system may be configured for generating output signals related to radiation transmitted through the barrier. The gas detector comprises a controller operatively connected to the radiation detection system. The controller is configured to: determine an amount of radiation transmitted through the barrier based on the output signals; and determine a condition of the barrier based on the determined amount of radiation, wherein the determined condition indicates whether the barrier is blocked.

An objective of the present invention is to provide an optical measurement device capable of performing remote optical measurement. An optical measurement device may include a light source that generates irradiation light with a beam shape, a beam control unit configured to control an irradiation direction of the irradiation light L1, a condensing unit configured to condense returned light generated by irradiating a part of a measurement target with the irradiation light, and a detection unit configured to detect information regarding the measurement target included in the returned light condensed by the condensing unit. The beam control unit can control the irradiation direction of the irradiation light for measurement to any direction, and thus the condensing unit can efficiently receive the faint returned light from the measurement target.

The aim of the invention is to provide a method for estimating a spectral reflectance value to be expected of a layer system consisting of a layer sequence of materials and printing inks that involves reliably predicting the appearance of the desired print. This aim is achieved according to the invention by providing a method for estimating a spectral reflectance value to be expected of a layer system consisting of a layer sequence of materials and printing inks, in which: a) firstly the values are determined for each individual layer in relation to i) the spectral transmission at the interfaces of the layer, ii) the spectral reflectance at the interfaces of the layer, iii) the spectral absorption in the layer volume, and iv) the spectral scattering in the layer volume; b) a resulting reflectance value is ascertained from the determined values in relation to the layer sequence by following the various light paths in a sequential course through the layers.

An optical property measurement method includes: measuring, by first measurement, optical intensity of backscattering from a measurement target object when light is beamed to the measurement target object; calculating an attenuation coefficient in a depth direction of the measurement target object based on a measurement result of the first measurement; measuring, by second measurement that is different from the first measurement, optical intensity of backscattering from the measurement target object when light is beamed to the measurement target object; and calculating a scattering coefficient and an absorption coefficient in the depth direction of the measurement target object based on a measurement result of the second measurement by using a value of the calculated attenuation coefficient as a limiting condition.

The present disclosure provides for an apparatus for measuring optical properties of liquid samples. The apparatus includes a sample chamber and a spectrometer optically coupled with the sample chamber. One or multiple sources of electromagnetic radiation are positioned relative to the sample chamber to direct electromagnetic radiation through the sample chamber to measure the color, haze, and/or clarity of the sample. Also provided is a method for measuring optical properties of liquid samples, including inserting a cuvette containing a liquid sample into the sample chamber of the apparatus, and directing electromagnetic radiation from the one or more sources and through the sample to measure the color, haze, and/or clarity of the sample. The apparatus and methods may be used to analyze various samples, such as petroleum-based fluids, including fuels and lubricants.

An automatic analysis device has a plurality of types of photometers having different quantitative ranges, and an analysis control unit for quantifying the desired component in specimens based on measurement values of one or more photometers selected from among the plurality of types of photometers. The analysis control unit: sets a switching region in an overlap region of respective quantitative ranges of the plurality of types of photometers, said switching region having a greater width than does the variation in quantitative values of the desired component based on the measurement values of photometers having the same specimen; compares the quantitative value of a quantitative range portion that corresponds to the switching region and the quantitative values of the desired component based on the measurement values of the photometers; and selects a photometer to be used in quantitative output of the desired component from among the plurality of types of photometers.

An optical sensor may include a housing, a printed circuit board, an optical emitter, and an optical detector. The housing can define a channel configured to receive a transparent tubing line through which fluid can flow during operation. The housing can have multiple optical pathways, including a primary optical pathway transecting the channel, a light emission optical pathway, and a light detection optical pathway. The optical emitter and optical detector can each be mounted on the printed circuit board. Further, the housing may be positioned on the printed circuit board with the optical emitter aligned to emit light into the light emission optical pathway and the optical detector aligned to receive light from the light detection optical pathway.

A method of illuminating and extracting scattered and transmitted light from a liquid within a sealed glass bottle, the method comprising initiating transmission of an incident light beam from a light source to the sealed bottle, directing the incident light beam to totally internally refract within a wall of the sealed bottle and thereby cause an evanescent wave within the liquid to generate scattered or absorbed light, receiving the scattered or absorbed light from the liquid contained in the sealed bottle, and processing one or more signals representative of the scattered or absorbed light, the signals indicative of one or more molecules indicative of a characteristic being present in the liquid contained in the sealed bottle.