A particle sensor is provided. The particle sensor includes a light projector that projects light to a detection area. A light receiver receives scattered light. The scattered light is light from the light projector that has been scattered by particles in the detection area. A first reflector reflects the scattered light to the light receiver. A light attenuator attenuates stray light that exits the first reflector. The first reflector includes a first aperture that introduces the light from the light projector into an interior of the first reflector and a second aperture that exits the stray light from the first reflector. The light attenuator includes a third aperture through which the stray light that exits the first reflector passes. An aperture area of the third aperture is smaller than an aperture area of the second aperture.

A glucose sensor measures glucose molecules in vivo through use of NDIR in which scattering noise is reduced and Absorption Interference Noise (AIN) is suppressed with a reflection technique. Electronics are used to provide an output of glucose concentration glucose in a liquid sampling matrix after it has been determined that a calibration curve is valid after signal processing is used to obtain average ratio values for reflected signal/reference channels and interference/reference channel obtained after a pulsed beam from signal, interference and reference sources is directed at an inclined angle to a normal of a spot of the liquid sampling matrix. The signal, interference and reference sources are each pulsed at a preselected frequency of at least N Hz which is sufficiently fast so that a given molecule of glucose or interfering molecule will not pass in and out of the liquid sampling matrix within the preselected frequency.

A particle analysis apparatus includes: an acquisition unit that acquires a plurality of images each captured at a different time in each of which a particle moving in a predetermined direction in a medium is imaged; and a determination unit that determines, based on a movement amount of a particle due to Brownian motion in the medium, whether or not an image of a first particle included in an image captured at a first time of the plurality of images acquired by the acquisition unit and an image of a second particle included in an image captured at a second time which is different from the first time of the plurality of images acquired by the acquisition unit are images indicating the same particle.

A glucose sensor measures glucose molecules in vivo through use of NDIR in which scattering noise is reduced and Absorption Interference Noise (AIN) is suppressed with a reflection technique. Electronics are used to provide an output of glucose concentration glucose in a liquid sampling matrix after it has been determined that a calibration curve is valid after signal processing is used to obtain average ratio values for reflected signal/reference channels and interference/reference channel obtained after a pulsed beam from signal, interference and reference sources is directed at an inclined angle to a normal of a spot of the liquid sampling matrix. The signal, interference and reference sources are each pulsed at a preselected frequency of at least N Hz which is sufficiently fast so that a given molecule of glucose or interfering molecule will not pass in and out of the liquid sampling matrix within the preselected frequency.

An assembly (100) for attenuating the impinging light of a beam of radiation of finite expansion with the objective of realizing reliable attenuation particularly of directly impinging light comprises a light source (10) for producing a beam of unpolarized light, preferably unpolarized monochromatic light, a useful light region (50) through which the unpolarized light passes and preferably passes through in a straight line from the light source (10) as well as an absorption device (30) arranged downstream of the useful light region (50) and preferably downstream in the direction of the direct beam radiation for at least partly absorbing impinging light, wherein the absorption device (30) comprises at least one polarization device (31, 32) arranged in the direction of the light beam.

An optical measurement device includes an irradiation optical system, a detection optical system, and a cancel circuit. In a fluorescence detection process, a sample is designated as an irradiation target, the sample is irradiated with irradiation light, measurement target light including fluorescence generated from the sample irradiated with the irradiation light and light scattered from the sample irradiated with the irradiation light is detected as detection light, a signal component corresponding to the scattered light is removed from a measurement signal corresponding to the measurement target light in consideration of a result of performing a calibration process during a preliminary process. In the preliminary process, the calibration process for removing a signal component corresponding to the scattered light from the measurement signal is performed on the basis of a calibration signal having a higher signal intensity than a signal corresponding to the scattered light in the measurement signal.

A method for detecting a contamination of a cuvette of a turbidimeter. The turbidimeter includes a light source which emits a light beam directed to a cuvette, a scattering light detector, and a diffuser with a body and an actuator. The actuator moves the body between a parking position and a test position where the body is between the measurement light source and the cuvette, thereby interferes with the light beam, and generates a diffuse test light entering the cuvette. The method includes activating the actuator to move the body from the parking position into the test position, activating the light source, measuring a test light intensity received by the scattering light detector, comparing the test light intensity measured with a reference light intensity, and generating a contamination signal if a difference between a reference light intensity and the test light intensity measured exceeds a first threshold value.

An attempt is made to suppress the processing load while securing real-time properties of the image processing to improve visual recognizability of a captured image whose visual recognizability has been reduced by the influence of fine particle components. An image processing apparatus including: an extraction unit configured to extract an atmospheric light component from a captured image including an influence of fine particles in the atmosphere; and a removal processing unit configured to generate an image from the captured image, in which the influence of fine particles has been removed, based on the extracted atmospheric light component, and the extraction unit performs the extraction based on data of the captured image and data of an exposure value at the time of photographing the captured image.

A particle sensor is provided. The particle sensor includes a light projector that projects light to a detection area. A light receiver receives scattered light. The scattered light is light from the light projector that has been scattered by particles in the detection area. A first reflector reflects the scattered light to the light receiver. A light attenuator attenuates stray light that exits the first reflector. The first reflector includes a first aperture that introduces the light from the light projector into an interior of the first reflector and a second aperture that exits the stray light from the first reflector. The light attenuator includes a third aperture through which the stray light that exits the first reflector passes. An aperture area of the third aperture is smaller than an aperture area of the second aperture.

A device for measuring scattered light from a measurement volume with compensation for background signals, includes a light sensor having separately evaluable light-sensitive elements, a single imaging optical system, wherein the light-sensitive elements are arranged in the image plane and the measurement volume is arranged in the corresponding object plane of the optical system, a light transmitter with a collimated light beam, this light-sensitive element detects scattered light from the measurement volume and background light from the overlapping visual ranges behind the subject plane, and the other light-sensitive element detects no or significantly less scattered light from the measurement volume and background light from the overlapping visual areas behind the object plane, and a diaphragm that restricts the visual ranges of the light-sensitive elements behind the object plane.