By way of overview and introduction, various embodiments of the apparatus, systems and methods described herein are directed improved approaches to aligning and standardizing different total spectral radiance factor shapes measured with different instruments. Furthermore, in one or more configurations and approaches, the disclosure presented herein is directed to obtaining a whiteness calibration value for use in sample measurements without the need of UV filter adjustments.

An apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a plurality of captured images of a target object imaged under a plurality of different conditions, a first calculation unit configured to calculate a first reflection characteristic of the target object for each pixel position of the captured images using a first spatial resolution based on the captured images, a determination unit configured to determine whether an angular resolution of the calculated first reflection characteristic is lower than a first threshold value, and a second calculation unit configured to calculate a second reflection characteristic of the target object using a second spatial resolution lower than the first spatial resolution based on the calculated first reflection characteristic in a case where the angular resolution is lower than the first threshold value.

A bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurement system is provided that measures the BRDF across many photonic bands such as the UV, Vis, NIR, SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR (scale) simultaneously (speed) in an innovative measurement system. The measurement system includes an illuminating optical system, a detection system, and a calibration reference. The illuminating optical system directs illuminating light to an imaging location and the detection system detects returning light from the imaging location. The calibration reference including an optical metamaterial having a receiving surface. The calibration reference is placed at the imaging location and alters illuminating light incident on the receiving surface to produce returning light having known optical properties.

A housing includes a first opening and a second opening, and encloses a light-emitting element, a first light receiving unit, and a second light receiving unit. The first opening is provided in a first light guide path arranged between the light-emitting element and a first irradiated region of the target surface, and is arranged so that light output from the light-emitting element travels toward the first irradiated region. The second opening is provided in a second light guide path arranged between the first irradiated region and the first light receiving unit, and is arranged so that diffused reflection light from the toner image passes through when the toner image passes the first irradiated region.

A reflection characteristic measurement device is provided that comprises: a control unit configured to measure a reflection characteristic of an object based on target information and instruction information, wherein: the target information is information including a coordinate positional relationship among a light source position of an incident light, a light detection position of a reflected light and a measurement point at the object, and numerical values related to the incident light and the reflected light, the incident light is light irradiated to the measurement point, the reflected light is light that the incident light is irradiated to the measurement point and then reflected at the measurement point, the instruction information is information related to an existing measurement result of the reflection characteristic, and the number of combinations of the coordinate positional relationship included in the target information is 1 to 15.

An inspection system includes an acquisition unit and a determination unit. The acquisition unit acquires an image representing a surface of an object. The determination unit performs color determination processing. The color determination processing is performed to determine a color of the surface of the object based on a plurality of conditions of reflection. The plurality of conditions of reflection are obtained from the image representing the surface of the object as acquired by the acquisition unit, and have a specular reflection component and a diffuse reflection component at respectively different ratios on the surface of the object.

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to color and appearance metric measurements and, in particular, developing instrumentation to enable self-consistent image appearance measurements within instruments of unitary construction.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a vent monitoring system that includes a first sensor configured to provide feedback indicative of an amount of a substance accumulated in the vent, a second sensor configured to provide feedback indicative of a temperature in the vent, and a control system communicatively coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, where the control system is configured to generate a notification when the feedback from the first sensor exceeds a first target level and when the feedback from the second sensor exceeds a second target level.

The present disclosure relates to methods for evaluating features of objects such as liquid droplets and surfaces. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods for measuring features such as the contact angle and the thickness of an object such as a liquid droplet or a fingerprint as well as related compositions for evaluation.

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to color and appearance metric measurements and, in particular, developing instrumentation to enable self-consistent image appearance measurements within instruments of unitary construction.