Methods and systems for integrated multi-pass reticle inspection are provided. One method for inspecting a reticle includes acquiring at least first, second, and third images for the reticle. The first image is a substantially high resolution image of light transmitted by the reticle. The second image is a substantially high resolution image of light reflected from the reticle. The third image is an image of light transmitted by the reticle that is acquired with a substantially low numerical aperture. The method also includes detecting defects on the reticle using at least the first, second, and third images for the reticle in combination.

Provided is a polymer resin orientation evaluation method including: setting an axis intersecting a front surface of an object to be inspected as an inspection axis, and acquiring an optical characteristic value of the object to be inspected with respect to a plurality of polarization directions of a terahertz wave around the inspection axis; and evaluating orientation of a polymer resin that constitutes the object to be inspected on the basis of a variation amount of the optical characteristic value with respect to change of the polarization direction.

The present invention relates to a measurement light source for generating measurement light with a uniform spatial illumination intensity distribution. The measurement light source comprises a solid block, in which an illumination space, a light-forming space and a light exit space are each formed as a hollow space in the block and have a diffusely reflecting inner surface. The illumination space opens into the light-forming space. The light-forming space opens into the light exit space. At least one light source is at least partially arranged in the illumination space in order to generate light. The light exit space has a light exit. According to the invention, an axis of the illumination space and an axis of the light exit space are arranged at a distance from one another. The light-forming space is designed for a reversal of a light propagation direction. The invention also relates to a measuring arrangement for detecting at least an absolute reflection spectrum of a sample. The measuring arrangement is used in particular for the spectroscopic examination of surfaces in production processes in order to determine the color or gloss of surfaces, for example.

Examples disclosed herein relate to an Insulated Glass Unit (“IGU”) to enhance wireless communications in a wireless network. The IGU has a first and a second glass layers, a first and a second spacers, and a first and a second ground planes, the first ground plane in contact with the first glass layer and the second ground plane in contact with the second glass layer. The IGU also includes a gas layer in between the first and the second ground planes, a reflectarray comprising a metastructure array of reflector elements, and a third glass layer on top of the metastructure reflectarray.

A system for determining the reflectance of a reflector of a lamp of a motor vehicle. The system comprises a light source designed to emit a predetermined light beam to illuminate the reflecting surface of the reflector, imaging capturing apparatus that is arranged so as to capture a series of images) containing the illuminated reflecting surface of the reflector, a processing device that is configured so as to digitally remove a first component (LS2) associated with a first photometric quantity of the light source from the images) so as to determine a second component (associated with the first actual photometric quantity of the reflector to determine the reflectance of the reflector based on second component.

A first light source is directed at an outer surface of a workpiece in an inspection module. The light from the first light source that is reflected from the outer surface of the workpiece is directed to the camera via a first pathway. The light from the first light source transmitted through the workpiece is directed to the camera via a second pathway. A second light source is directed at the outer surface of the workpiece 180° from that of the first light source. The light from the second light source that is reflected from the outer surface of the workpiece is directed to the camera via the second pathway. The light from the second light source transmitted through the workpiece is directed to the camera via the first pathway.

An apparatus and a method measure a reflectivity and/or transmittivity of an optical surface. The apparatus includes a pulsed coherent white light source for generating pulsed coherent white light, wherein the apparatus is adapted to irradiate the optical surface with at least a part of the generated pulsed coherent white light.

Methods of testing pharmaceutical compositions for the presence or absence of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystallinity in an amorphous solid dispersion or solid-state solution using UV/vis spectrometry is provided. Testing may be performed standalone or during manufacturing of a pharmaceutical composition. A predictive model provides for quantitative analysis of the amount of crystalline API based on UV/vis data of corresponding reference samples. Also provided is an apparatus for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition.

An apparatus and a method measure a reflectivity and/or transmittivity of an optical surface. The apparatus includes a pulsed coherent white light source for generating pulsed coherent white light, wherein the apparatus is adapted to irradiate the optical surface with at least a part of the generated pulsed coherent white light.

A blood characteristics evaluation apparatus (1) according to one embodiments includes processing circuitry (12) configured to cause a foaming phenomenon to occur in the blood sample, measure a foaming state in the blood sample, and calculate an index indicating a coagulation tendency of the blood sample based on a measurement result of the foaming state in the blood sample.