Provided is a grain gloss measurement apparatus capable of accurately measuring gloss of grain. A grain gloss measurement apparatus includes a light source to emit light to a measurement region for grain in an oblique direction, a light receiver to receive the light reflected from the measurement region, and a gloss value calculation device to calculate a gloss value of the grain based on the reflected light received by the light receiver. The light source includes a first light source to emit light to the measurement region from one side and a second light source to emit light from another side that is opposite to the first light source across the measurement region. The light emitted from the first light source and the light emitted from the second light source have different wavelengths. The light receiver is disposed on the same side as the second light source, and the gloss value calculation device includes an image processing unit to identify a grain zone in the measurement region based on the light of the second light source that is reflected off the grain and received by the light receiver.

Gloss of a surface having a concave-convex structure is measured, and R/V, which is a ratio of a diffuse specular reflection intensity R to a sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities (in formula, the diffuse specular reflection intensity R represents a diffuse reflection intensity measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer in a diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film, and the sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities represents a sum total of diffuse reflection intensities measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer for every 1 degree from −45 degrees up to 45 degrees, including 0 degrees, with respect to the diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film), is evaluated to manufacture an anti-glare film. The above-described method enables an anti-glare film having high anti-glare properties and high contrast to be manufactured at high productivity.

Gloss of a surface having a concave-convex structure is measured, and R/V, which is a ratio of a diffuse specular reflection intensity R to a sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities (in formula, the diffuse specular reflection intensity R represents a diffuse reflection intensity measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer in a diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film, and the sum total V of diffuse reflection intensities represents a sum total of diffuse reflection intensities measured at an aperture angle of 1 degree by a variable-angle photometer for every 1 degree from −45 degrees up to 45 degrees, including 0 degrees, with respect to the diffuse specular reflection direction when visible light is radiated, at an angle of 45 degrees from a normal line, to the surface having the concave-convex structure of the anti-glare film), is evaluated to manufacture an anti-glare film. The above-described method enables an anti-glare film having high anti-glare properties and high contrast to be manufactured at high productivity.

Provided is a method for the simultaneous determination of parameters, in particular of at least two, three or four parameters, of at least one resin layer applied to at least one carrier material by recording and evaluating at least one NIR spectrum in a wavelength range between 500 nm and 2500 nm, preferably between 700 nm and 2000 nm, more preferably between 900 nm and 1700 nm, and particularly advantageously between 1450 nm and 1550 nm, using at least one NIR measuring head, in particular at least one NIR multimeter head.

The image processing apparatus of the present invention is an image processing apparatus that generates gloss intensity distribution image data indicating a gloss intensity distribution based on captured image data obtained by capturing an image of a subject having concavity/convexity irradiated by a surface light source. The image processing apparatus sets an area, in which specularly reflected light from the surface light source enters a planar mirror and which is the same size as or smaller than that of an area captured by an image capturing apparatus in a case where the planar mirror is arranged at substantially the same position as that of the subject, as a measurement area of the gloss intensity distribution based on surface light source position information indicating the position of the surface light source and image capturing position information indicating the position of the image capturing apparatus that captures an image of the subject. Further, based on the surface light source position information, the image capturing position information, and pixel values of the captured image data, the gloss intensity distribution image data in the measurement area is generated.

The image processing apparatus of the present invention is an image processing apparatus that generates gloss intensity distribution image data indicating a gloss intensity distribution based on captured image data obtained by capturing an image of a subject having concavity/convexity irradiated by a surface light source. The image processing apparatus sets an area, in which specularly reflected light from the surface light source enters a planar mirror and which is the same size as or smaller than that of an area captured by an image capturing apparatus in a case where the planar mirror is arranged at substantially the same position as that of the subject, as a measurement area of the gloss intensity distribution based on surface light source position information indicating the position of the surface light source and image capturing position information indicating the position of the image capturing apparatus that captures an image of the subject. Further, based on the surface light source position information, the image capturing position information, and pixel values of the captured image data, the gloss intensity distribution image data in the measurement area is generated.

Provided are an evaluation method for objectively evaluating the glow of the skin, a skin glow improver, and a method for examining skin glow improvers. This method for evaluating the glow of the skin comprises assessing the specular reflectance and diffuse reflectance of skin after polarized light is applied to the surface of the skin, and determining that glow is present in the skin when prescribed conditions are satisfied. A skin glow improver is provided by combining an alkali metal salt of alkoxysalicylic acid and trimethylglycine. This method for examining skin glow improvers makes it possible, using a significant decrease in surface roughness as an indicator, to examine samples capable of improving the specular reflectance of the skin.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the automatic measuring of such qualities of a printed sheet as reflectance excluding specular reflectance, reflectance including specular reflectance, e.g. gloss, transmittance, half-tone coverage, and the like.

Embodiments of the invention relate to the automatic measuring of such qualities of a printed sheet as reflectance excluding specular reflectance, reflectance including specular reflectance, e.g. gloss, transmittance, half-tone coverage, and the like.

A medium identification device identifies a type of a recording medium used for image formation. The medium identification device includes: a two-dimensional image sensor that captures an image of the recording medium; and an identifying unit that obtains a glossiness evaluation value indicating glossiness of the recording medium, a surface roughness evaluation value indicating surface roughness of the recording medium, and a coloring evaluation value indicating coloring of the recording medium, using image data of a specular reflection region reflecting specular reflection light from the recording medium and image data of a diffused reflection region reflecting diffused reflection light from the recording medium, the regions being in the image of the recording medium, and identifies the type of the recording medium by combining determination using the glossiness evaluation value, determination using the surface roughness evaluation value, and determination using the coloring evaluation value.