Modulation-encoded light, using different spectral bin coded light components, can illuminate a stationary or moving (relative) target object or scene. Response signal processing can use information about the respective different time-varying modulation functions, to decode to recover information about a respective response parameter affected by the target object or scene. Electrical or optical modulation encoding can be used. LED-based spectroscopic analysis of a composition of a target (e.g., SpO2, glucose, etc.) can be performed; such can optionally include decoding of encoded optical modulation functions. Baffles or apertures or optics can be used, such as to constrain light provided by particular LEDs. Coded light illumination can be used with a focal plane array light imager receiving response light for inspecting a moving semiconductor or other target. Encoding can use orthogonal functions, such as an RGB illumination sequence, or a sequence of combinations of spectrally contiguous or non-contiguous colors.

A gas analysis system, includes: a light-emitting element that emits a laser light modulated by a predetermined modulation frequency; and a light-receiving element that: receives the laser light that has passed through a measurement target gas; and upon receiving the laser light, outputs a received signal having an N-frequency that is n times the predetermined modulation frequency, wherein n is an integer no less than 2; and a signal processing device that: calculates a third component by removing, from a first component having the N-frequency, a second component, wherein the second component is a component of optical interference noise arising on an optical path of the laser light from the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element and has the same frequency as the first component; and calculates, based on a magnitude of the third component, a concentration of the measurement target gas.

A gas analysis system, includes: a light-emitting element that emits a laser light modulated by a predetermined modulation frequency; and a light-receiving element that: receives the laser light that has passed through a measurement target gas; and upon receiving the laser light, outputs a received signal having an N-frequency that is n times the predetermined modulation frequency, wherein n is an integer no less than 2; and a signal processing device that: calculates a third component by removing, from a first component having the N-frequency, a second component, wherein the second component is a component of optical interference noise arising on an optical path of the laser light from the light-emitting element to the light-receiving element and has the same frequency as the first component; and calculates, based on a magnitude of the third component, a concentration of the measurement target gas.

The present invention is directed to an air spring having a flexible member which collapses into the form of a double meniscus under conditions where there is a substantial or a complete loss of air pressure. The double meniscus prevents the flexible member from rolling over the piston and/or chafing against surrounding parts of the vehicle on which the air spring is mounted. This is accomplished by incorporating a flexible member having a top portion, a bottom portion, and an expansion region between the top portion and the bottom portion of the flexible member, wherein the top portion is at least 10% larger in diameter than the bottom portion of the flexible member. The present invention more specifically discloses an air spring comprising a piston, a top plate, and a flexible member which is affixed to the piston and the top plate, wherein the piston, the top plate and the flexible member defines a pressurizable chamber, wherein the flexible member is comprised of a top portion, a bottom portion, and an expansion region extending between the top portion and the bottom portion of the flexible member, wherein the top portion has a diameter which is at least 10% larger than the diameter of the bottom portion.

A system and method for measuring a concentration of a gas in a container having at least one flexible or variable side or wall. The system and method comprising creating a determinable optical path length through the container having a shape. Positioning a light source head and a detector head against at least one of the least one flexible or variable side or wall. Transmitting a light signal between the light source head and the detector head through the determinable optical path length. Determining the concentration of the gas in the container based on detected light and the determinable optical path length.

A system and method for measuring a concentration of a gas in a container having at least one flexible or variable side or wall. The system and method comprising creating a determinable optical path length through the container having a shape. Positioning a light source head and a detector head against at least one of the least one flexible or variable side or wall. Transmitting a light signal between the light source head and the detector head through the determinable optical path length. Determining the concentration of the gas in the container based on detected light and the determinable optical path length.

We disclose a chemical sensing device for detecting a fluid. The sensing device comprises: at least one substrate region comprising at least one etched portion; a dielectric region formed on the at least one substrate region, the dielectric region comprising at least one dielectric membrane region adjacent to the at least one etched portion; an optical source for emitting an infra-red (IR) signal; an optical detector for detecting the IR signal emitted from the optical source; one or more further substrates formed on or under the dielectric region, said one or more further substrates defining an optical path for the IR signal to propagate from the optical source to the optical detector. At least one of the optical source and optical detector is formed in or on the dielectric membrane region.

We disclose a chemical sensing device for detecting a fluid. The sensing device comprises: at least one substrate region comprising at least one etched portion; a dielectric region formed on the at least one substrate region, the dielectric region comprising at least one dielectric membrane region adjacent to the at least one etched portion; an optical source for emitting an infra-red (IR) signal; an optical detector for detecting the IR signal emitted from the optical source; one or more further substrates formed on or under the dielectric region, said one or more further substrates defining an optical path for the IR signal to propagate from the optical source to the optical detector. At least one of the optical source and optical detector is formed in or on the dielectric membrane region.

A gas sensor has a light detector, a gas-tight support structure enclosing the light detector, a window positioned in said support structure, and a light source mounted to the support structure. A sample area is positioned in the support structure to receive a gas to be tested. The light source is aligned with the window, sample area, and the light detector to pass light from the light source through the gas in the sample area to the light detector. The sensor can be provided in a breadth sampling apparatus that has deflects gas to a bypass route so that only a portion of gas reaches the sensor.

A gas sensor has a light detector, a gas-tight support structure enclosing the light detector, a window positioned in said support structure, and a light source mounted to the support structure. A sample area is positioned in the support structure to receive a gas to be tested. The light source is aligned with the window, sample area, and the light detector to pass light from the light source through the gas in the sample area to the light detector. The sensor can be provided in a breadth sampling apparatus that has deflects gas to a bypass route so that only a portion of gas reaches the sensor.