A solution electrode glow discharge apparatus has a housing that contains a solid electrode. The solid electrode has a head and a tip. The tip of the solid electrode extends outwards from the housing. At least a portion of the head of the solid electrode is positioned with an electrical and thermal conducting block. An adjustable-polarity power supply is provided in communication with the solid electrode. A cooling mechanism is provided for cooling the electrical and thermal conducting block.

Methods and systems capable of measuring gas temperatures utilizing plasma discharges. Such a method performs a measurement of a temperature of a gas by generating a probing nanosecond plasma pulse in the gas, and then using an optical emission spectroscopy technique to measure the temperature of the gas by processing a light emission signal excited by the probing nanosecond plasma pulse.

Methods and systems capable of measuring gas temperatures utilizing plasma discharges. Such a method performs a measurement of a temperature of a gas by generating a probing nanosecond plasma pulse in the gas, and then using an optical emission spectroscopy technique to measure the temperature of the gas by processing a light emission signal excited by the probing nanosecond plasma pulse.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to techniques for analyzing unknown sample compositions using a prediction model based on optical emission spectra. One method comprises: receiving first emission spectra corresponding to a training sample comprising a plurality of pure elements of known concentrations; determining, based on the first emission spectra, a plurality of spectral regions corresponding to the plurality of pure elements of known concentrations; determining, for each spectral region corresponding to each pure element of a known concentration, features associated with a signature peak of the spectral region; training a prediction model to predict unknown concentrations of a plurality of constituents of an unknown sample based on an emission spectra of the unknown sample; receiving second emission spectra corresponding to the unknown sample comprising a plurality of constituents of unknown concentrations; and generating, based on the application of the trained prediction model, a concentration for each of the constituents of the unknown sample.

There is provided a method for measuring a composition of a gas circulating through a plasma-based detector, the plasma-based detector having a discharge chamber defining an internal volume and having discharge electrodes configured to apply a plasma-generating field across the discharge chamber. The method includes ramping a voltage until it reaches a breakdown voltage to generate a plasma, detecting the presence of the plasma, determining a pressure based on the breakdown voltage upon detection of the presence of the plasma, operating the detector at an operation voltage greater than the breakdown voltage, performing measurement(s) on the plasma, generating a detector signal based the measurement(s) and compensating the detector signal based on the determined pressure to obtain a compensated detector signal, the compensated detector signal being representative of the composition of the gas. A plasma-based detector for measuring the composition of the gas is also provided.

There is provided a method for measuring a composition of a gas circulating through a plasma-based detector, the plasma-based detector having a discharge chamber defining an internal volume and having discharge electrodes configured to apply a plasma-generating field across the discharge chamber. The method includes ramping a voltage until it reaches a breakdown voltage to generate a plasma, detecting the presence of the plasma, determining a pressure based on the breakdown voltage upon detection of the presence of the plasma, operating the detector at an operation voltage greater than the breakdown voltage, performing measurement(s) on the plasma, generating a detector signal based the measurement(s) and compensating the detector signal based on the determined pressure to obtain a compensated detector signal, the compensated detector signal being representative of the composition of the gas. A plasma-based detector for measuring the composition of the gas is also provided.

A solution electrode glow discharge apparatus has a housing that contains a solid electrode. The solid electrode has a head and a tip. The tip of the solid electrode extends outwards from the housing. At least a portion of the head of the solid electrode is positioned with an electrical and thermal conducting block. An adjustable-polarity power supply is provided in communication with the solid electrode. A cooling mechanism is provided for cooling the electrical and thermal conducting block.

An abnormality detection device trains a model using multiple network sections each configured to process acquired time series data sets and a concatenation section configured to combine output data output from each of the multiple network sections and to output, as a combined result, a result of combining the output data output from each of the multiple network sections. The trained model is then applied to adapt a unit of process performed during manufacture of a processed object.

A solution-cathode glow discharge mass spectrometry (SCGD-MS) apparatus comprises a SCGD source and a mass spectrometer. The SCGD source may comprise conductive rods, a power source, and a capillary. A method for ionizing an analyte comprises flowing an electrically conductive liquid onto a conductive rod, applying an electric potential to a second conductive rod such that a plasma discharge forms between the first conductive rod and the electrically conductive liquid to produce ions, and separating the ions in a mass spectrometer. The analyte may be a polypeptide that may be contacted with trypsin. The analyte may be a solid, liquid, gas, chemical complex, or ion in solution. The method may comprise sequencing the polypeptide.

A device and method is described for analysing the elemental composition of a liquid sample utilizing a combination of electrochemical pre-concentration followed by spectrochemical analysis of analytes in a single device. The device consists of two electrodes for the purpose of pre-concentration of the analyte ions by electrodeposition, a DC power supply/potentiostat/galvanostat, a high voltage power supply capable of creating an electrical discharge such as arc, spark, glow discharge or plasma, a spectrometer capable of recording a spectrum generated during such discharges as well as a pump(s) for pumping the analyte containing solution. Such a device is autonomous, field-deployable and capable of providing online analysis.