Apparatus and methods for laser ablation sampling, electrophoretic extraction from the laser plume, electrophoretic transport to a container, and capture of macromolecules of interest. In certain embodiments, when macromolecules of interest are nucleic acid, the apparatus and methods further provides for nucleic acid amplification and detection in a rapid mobile platform for environmental and clinical identification of pathogens.

An analysis and observation device includes: an electromagnetic wave emitter that emits a primary electromagnetic wave; a reflective object lens having a primary mirror provided with a primary reflection surface reflecting a secondary electromagnetic wave and a secondary mirror provided with a secondary reflection surface receiving and further reflecting the secondary electromagnetic wave; first and second detectors that receive the secondary electromagnetic wave and generate an intensity distribution spectrum; and a controller that performs component analysis of a sample based on the intensity distribution spectrum. A transmissive region through which the primary electromagnetic wave is transmitted is provided at a center of the secondary mirror. The transmissive region transmits the primary electromagnetic wave, which has been emitted from the electromagnetic wave emitter and passed through an opening of the primary mirror, thereby emitting the primary electromagnetic wave along an analysis optical axis of the reflective object lens.

Disclosed herein are a method for diagnosing a disease of a body tissue by using LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) comprising: preparing a laser device including: a laser projection module, outputting the laser to a suspicious region of the body tissue, a light receiving module, receiving a plurality of light, a spectrum measurement module, and a guide unit; and projecting the laser to generate plasma by inducing tissue ablation in the suspicious region; wherein the laser projected to the suspicious region has a target area, and wherein the target area has smaller size than the suspicious region such that the target area is located inside the suspicious region.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method for determining a radiation intensity and/or a wavelength of a process light, wherein the melt pool underlying the process light can be generated by irradiating a metal material with an energy beam along a path, wherein the energy beam can be moved in accordance with a power profile along the path. The method may include: providing a power profile for a section of the path as an input variable for a machine learning model; training the model using historical and/or synthetic power profiles and associated historical or synthetic radiation intensities and/or wavelengths of the process light for the metal material; and determining the radiation intensity and/or the wavelength of the process light as an output variable of the model.

According to an example embodiment, a detector assembly for use in analysis of elemental composition of a sample by using optical emission spectroscopy is provided, the detector assembly including a rotatable element that is rotatable about an axis and that has attached thereto a laser source for generating laser pulses for invoking optical emission on a surface of the sample, the laser source arranged to generate laser pulses focused at a predefined distance from said axis at a predefined distance from a front end of the detector assembly, and a detector element for capturing optical emission invoked by said laser pulses.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a laser spectroscopy-based independent device, including: a spectrometer configured to measure a spectrum of generated light which is generated by a laser projected onto a sample; and a disease analysis module configured to determine whether there is lesion tissue by applying a lesion tissue detection learning model to a result of non-discrete spectrum measurement, which is measured by the spectrometer, wherein the spectrometer is configured to measure spectra of all generated light that is generated from a time when the laser is projected onto the sample.

The disclosure discloses an optical path system for detecting a vacuum degree of a vacuum switch and a method thereof. In the optical path system, a plasma excitation unit excites pulsed laser along an excitation optical path to bombard a shielding case of a vacuum switch to be detected, so as to generate laser plasma; an optical path focusing unit focuses the excitation optical path and a collection optical path to focus the pulsed laser on the shielding case of the vacuum switch to be detected; the optical path focusing unit includes a visible laser device for generating visible light and an adjustment device for adjusting the excitation optical path; an image collection unit collects a laser plasma image and a visible light spot focusing image; the image collection unit includes a gated detector for collecting the visible light spot image and the laser plasma image via the collection optical path; a vacuum degree detection unit is connected with the image collection unit to process the laser plasma image and extract characteristic parameters; and the vacuum degree detection unit includes a processing module for obtaining, according to a relation between the characteristic parameters and a vacuum degree, the vacuum degree of the vacuum switch to be detected.

image collection unit collects a laser plasma image and a visible light spot focusing image; the image collection unit includes a gated detector for collecting the visible light spot image and the laser plasma image via the collection optical path.

A method may include measuring a formation sample using a Raman spectrometer to determine a formation sample characteristic, wherein the formation sample characteristic is mineral ID and distribution, carbon ID and distribution, thermal maturity, rock texture, fossil characterization, or combinations thereof.

An exemplary laser microscope can be provided, comprising at least one first laser source which emits at least one (e.g., pulsed) excitation beam, a scanning optical configuration (e.g., configured to scan the excitation beam over the surface of a sample), a focusing optical configuration (e.g., configured to focus the excitation beam onto the sample), and at least one detector configured to detect light emitted by the sample due to an optical effect in response to the excitation beam. A second laser source facilitates a pulsed ablation beam for a local ablation of the material of the sample. The ablation beam can be guided to the sample via the scanning and focusing optical configurations. The first and second laser sources can be fed by a mutual continuous wave pump laser and/or a mutual pulsed pump laser. The first laser source can emit pulses with at least two different wavelengths.

Described herein is a method for recycling aluminum alloy wheels. The method includes the steps of providing a feed of aluminum alloy wheels of a particular alloy; fragmenting the aluminum alloy wheels into a plurality of fragments, such that newly exposed surfaces of the plurality of fragments have an interior composition; determining a newly exposed surface indicia for distinguishing each newly exposed surface in the feed of aluminum alloy wheels; determining an aggregate composition estimate by determining a plurality of composition measurements of the material of fragments of the plurality of fragments; and providing the plurality of fragments, and the aggregate composition estimate, for use in manufacturing at least one component made from aluminum alloy.