This patent document discloses techniques, systems, and devices for detecting a target substance using optical nonlinear wave mixing for enhanced detection sensitivity and accuracy. In one aspect, a method for measuring α-synuclein in a body fluid of a patient with high detection sensitivity and accuracy and providing early stage Parkinson's disease detection is provided. The method may comprise: supplying to a capillary analyte cell a fluidic sample that includes a body fluid of a patient containing α-synuclein, wherein the capillary analyte cell is located in a nonlinear optical four-wave mixing device; directing laser light from the nonlinear optical four-wave mixing device into the capillary analyte cell to cause nonlinear optical four-wave mixing in the fluidic sample to generate a four-wave mixing signal that contains information on the α-synuclein in the fluidic sample; and processing the four-wave mixing signal to extract information on the α-synuclein in the fluidic sample.

A storage unit stores first and second calibration curves. The first calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a wavelength .sub.1 and a concentration of a target composition in the first standard sample. The second calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a wavelength .sub.2 and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample. The second standard sample has a higher concentration than that of the first standard sample. When the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength .sub.1 is less than a threshold, a concentration measurement processing unit measures a concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample, based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength .sub.1 and the first calibration curve.

The present disclosure relates to a gas supply system for a flame module of a spectrometer and a method of controlling a flame module. The gas supply system comprises an oxidant gas supply line for providing a supply of oxidant gas, an oxidant gas flow valve for varying a gas flow rate of an oxidant gas in the oxidant gas supply line, an oxidant gas safety controller configured to control the oxidant gas flow valve, a fuel gas supply line for providing a supply of fuel gas, a fuel gas flow valve configured to control a gas flow rate of a fuel gas on the fuel gas supply line, and a fuel gas safety controller configured to control the fuel gas flow valve. During normal operation, the oxidant gas safety controller is configured to charge an energy storage circuit of the oxidant gas safety controller. In the event of a power failure, a first switch of the oxidant gas safety controller is configured to connect the energy storage circuit to the oxidant gas flow valve, wherein the energy storage circuit is configured to discharge energy to the oxidant gas flow valve to increase the oxidant gas flow rate in order to extinguish a flame of the flame module, and the fuel gas safety controller is configured to close the fuel gas flow valve.

The present disclosure relates to a gas supply system for a flame module of a spectrometer and a method of controlling a flame module. The gas supply system comprises an oxidant gas supply line for providing a supply of oxidant gas, an oxidant gas flow valve for varying a gas flow rate of an oxidant gas in the oxidant gas supply line, an oxidant gas safety controller configured to control the oxidant gas flow valve, a fuel gas supply line for providing a supply of fuel gas, a fuel gas flow valve configured to control a gas flow rate of a fuel gas on the fuel gas supply line, and a fuel gas safety controller configured to control the fuel gas flow valve. During normal operation, the oxidant gas safety controller is configured to charge an energy storage circuit of the oxidant gas safety controller. In the event of a power failure, a first switch of the oxidant gas safety controller is configured to connect the energy storage circuit to the oxidant gas flow valve, wherein the energy storage circuit is configured to discharge energy to the oxidant gas flow valve to increase the oxidant gas flow rate in order to extinguish a flame of the flame module, and the fuel gas safety controller is configured to close the fuel gas flow valve.

An online monitor for trace sodium in high-purity water, and an online monitoring method and device thereof are provided. Under the control of an embedded industrial computer, an injection-calibration system conveys calibrated water samples and to-be-measured water samples to a flame atomization system continuously and stably. The flame atomization system forms a negative pressure field using a high-purity hydrogen-oxygen mixture as carrier gas, draws in the to-be-measured water samples for atomization, mixing and droplet separation, and then ignites a characteristic spectrum which emits sodium at a high-temperature inner cone. A photoelectric sensor system quickly scans the characteristic spectrum of sodium, and outputs a second-order differential modulation sodium spectrum after removing background interferences. A data acquisition system acquires an analog signal of the second-order differential modulation sodium spectrum, converts the analog signal into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal to the embedded industrial computer for real-time monitoring and control.

An online monitor for trace sodium in high-purity water, and an online monitoring method and device thereof are provided. Under the control of an embedded industrial computer, an injection-calibration system conveys calibrated water samples and to-be-measured water samples to a flame atomization system continuously and stably. The flame atomization system forms a negative pressure field using a high-purity hydrogen-oxygen mixture as carrier gas, draws in the to-be-measured water samples for atomization, mixing and droplet separation, and then ignites a characteristic spectrum which emits sodium at a high-temperature inner cone. A photoelectric sensor system quickly scans the characteristic spectrum of sodium, and outputs a second-order differential modulation sodium spectrum after removing background interferences. A data acquisition system acquires an analog signal of the second-order differential modulation sodium spectrum, converts the analog signal into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal to the embedded industrial computer for real-time monitoring and control.

The present invention relates to a real-time detection device for municipal solid waste components in an incinerator. The real-time detection device includes: an optical fiber sensor, which faces combustion flame of municipal solid waste combustion region through an observation hole in the incinerator; a spectrometer, which is used for receiving optical signal of the optical fiber sensor; an industrial personal computer, which is used for receiving data of the spectrometer and outputting the municipal solid waste components according to a municipal solid waste component detection program; the municipal solid waste component detection program obtains combustion flame spectral information of municipal solid waste in the incinerator by utilizing the optical fiber sensor and the spectrometer, and detects the municipal solid waste components in real time based on combustion flame spectrum of a single waste component. The present invention further relates to a real-time detection method for municipal solid waste components in an incinerator. Compared with manual classified sampling and detection, the device and method provided by the present invention have the advantages of high efficiency, rapidness, accuracy, capability of being updated in real time; and can realize stable combustion of the municipal solid waste in the incinerator, and reduce emission of pollutants and realize efficient and clean utilization of the municipal solid waste.

The present invention relates to a real-time detection device for municipal solid waste components in an incinerator. The real-time detection device includes: an optical fiber sensor, which faces combustion flame of municipal solid waste combustion region through an observation hole in the incinerator; a spectrometer, which is used for receiving optical signal of the optical fiber sensor; an industrial personal computer, which is used for receiving data of the spectrometer and outputting the municipal solid waste components according to a municipal solid waste component detection program; the municipal solid waste component detection program obtains combustion flame spectral information of municipal solid waste in the incinerator by utilizing the optical fiber sensor and the spectrometer, and detects the municipal solid waste components in real time based on combustion flame spectrum of a single waste component. The present invention further relates to a real-time detection method for municipal solid waste components in an incinerator. Compared with manual classified sampling and detection, the device and method provided by the present invention have the advantages of high efficiency, rapidness, accuracy, capability of being updated in real time; and can realize stable combustion of the municipal solid waste in the incinerator, and reduce emission of pollutants and realize efficient and clean utilization of the municipal solid waste.

A storage unit stores first and second calibration curves. The first calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a first standard sample for light at a wavelength .sub.1 and a concentration of a target composition in the first standard sample. The second calibration curve represents a relationship between an absorbance of a second standard sample for light at a wavelength .sub.2 and a concentration of the target composition in the second standard sample. The second standard sample has a higher concentration than that of the first standard sample. When the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength .sub.1 is less than a threshold, a concentration measurement processing unit measures a concentration of the target composition in the unknown sample, based on the absorbance of the unknown sample for the light at the wavelength .sub.1 and the first calibration curve.

A gas supply system for a flame module of a spectrometer and a method of controlling a flame module. The gas supply system comprises an oxidant gas supply line for providing a supply of oxidant gas, an oxidant gas flow valve for varying a gas flow rate of an oxidant gas in the oxidant gas supply line, an oxidant gas safety controller configured to control the oxidant gas flow valve, a fuel gas supply line for providing a supply of fuel gas, a fuel gas flow valve configured to control a gas flow rate of a fuel gas on the fuel gas supply line, and a fuel gas safety controller configured to control the fuel gas flow valve. During normal operation, the oxidant gas safety controller is configured to charge an energy storage circuit of the oxidant gas safety controller. In the event of a power failure, a first switch of the oxidant gas safety controller is configured to connect the energy storage circuit to the oxidant gas flow valve, wherein the energy storage circuit is configured to discharge energy to the oxidant gas flow valve to increase the oxidant gas flow rate in order to extinguish a flame of the flame module, and the fuel gas safety controller is configured to close the fuel gas flow valve.