Plasma processing apparatus and associated methods for detecting air leak are provided. In one example implementation, the plasma processing apparatus can include a processing chamber to process a workpiece, a plasma chamber separated from the processing chamber by a separation grid, and an inductive coupling element to induce an oxygen plasma using a process gas in the plasma chamber. The plasma processing apparatus can detect afterglow emission strength from reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen radical(s) in a process space downstream to an oxygen plasma to measure nitrogen concentrations due to presence of air leak.

A compact explosive detecting system collects explosive residues in the form of vapor powder. The residues are accumulated on a desorber which is subjected to pyrolysis to release a gaseous sample. The sample is pumped to a detecting system through a metering valve. A luminol cell reacts with the gaseous sample to create chemiluminescence, the light output of which is measured by a photo multiplier tube. The light intensity is indicative of the amount of explosive present. Based on the amount of explosive present, a metering valve is adjusted to pass the gaseous sample into a highly sensitive metal oxide sensor array to detect NO.sub.2 from nitrogen containing explosive and CO/CO.sub.2 from non nitrogen containing explosive. The metal oxide sensor array reliably selects explosives from those compounds indicating chemiluminescence.

The present disclosure relates to methods, devices, and systems for measuring nitric oxide released from a material. For example, a method of measuring nitric oxide release from a material can include introducing a continuous flow of a carrier gas into a sample holding chamber via a carrier gas inlet at an effective flow rate, introducing an amount of the nitric oxide releasing material into the sample holding chamber via a separate sample inlet to contact the continuous flow of the carrier gas, directing the carrier gas and released nitric oxide out of the sample holding chamber via a nitric oxide outlet toward a nitric oxide detector, and quantifying an amount of released nitric oxide using the nitric oxide detector.

A detector is for identifying chemicals in a sample. The detector may include a photodetector comprising SiC semiconductor material and configured to have an acceptor energy band of range E.sub.aE.sub.a to E.sub.a+E.sub.a. The SiC semiconductor material may be doped with a dopant to exceed a threshold dopant concentration level. The photodetector may be configured to receive fluorescence information from the sample.

When an operation receiver receives an operation for starting automatic start-up processing, a display controller causes a display to display a first direction image indicating a working order of a plurality of objects to be controlled, sequentially changes a display mode of a status image corresponding to an object that has worked to a first mode, and changes a display state of each of a plurality of operation images to an operable first state or an inoperable second state. When the operation receiver receives an operation for starting automatic stop processing, the display controller causes the display to display a second direction image indicating a stopping order of the plurality of objects in a reversed manner of the first direction image, sequentially changes a display mode of a status image corresponding to an object that has stopped to a second mode.

Methods for determining nitrogen and/or sulfur containing surfactant residual concentrations in oil and/or water phases of an oil and water system, particularly produced oil and water from an oil or gas well, are provided. The methods utilize pyro-chemiluminescence/pyro-fluorescence techniques which quantify the total residual surfactants in both oil and water phases. The methods may be applied broadly in areas where quantifying or monitoring surfactant concentrations in solution is required.

A sensor for determining an air ratio of a fuel gas/air mixture, wherein a housing is formed, which delimitates a measuring space. The housing has on one side a diffusion passage for coupling with a fuel gas/air mixture flow, wherein the diffusion passage is formed by a gas-permeable separating agent. An electrically operated excitation element is arranged for energy supply into the measuring space in order to induce a chemical reaction of a fuel gas/air mixture in the measuring space. At least one optical detection device is directed into the measuring space with its detection area, wherein the at least one optical detection device detects the intensity of radiation from the reaction position in at least a first wavelength range and produces a signal being allocated to the detected intensity, from which the air ratio is inferable.

A reaction device is provided with a reaction tube and an inert gas supply passage. The reaction tube may be composed of an alumina sintered body and configured to oxidize and reduce a sample gas therein. An inert gas is supplied into the reaction tube through the inert gas supply passage. With this, since it is possible to reduce the contamination that interferes with activation of the alumina sintered body, aging time can be shortened.

The invention is directed to a furnace suited for oxidation of a gaseous starting mixture comprising one or more sulphur compounds to obtain an oxidized gas mixture and reduction of the oxidized gas mixture to obtain a gaseous mixture of reduced sulphur compounds comprising an interior furnace space, an inlet conduit for the gaseous starting mixture, an inlet for supply of an oxygen comprising gas, a ceramic comprising outlet conduit provided with an inlet opening for the mixture of reduced sulphur compounds, an inlet for hydrogen and heating means, wherein the inlet opening of the outlet conduit is comprised of more than one opening which openings fluidly connect the interior furnace space and the interior of the outlet conduit.

An airborne silica detection system provides a chemiluminescence reaction for quantitative assessment of silica on an automated basis. A prefilter allows reaction to be sensitive to particle sizes relevant to chronic respiratory diseases.