A molecular sensor that utilises dichroism can be used to identify the presence of a target nucleic acid molecule in a sample, for example during or after amplification reactions such as PCR/thermocyling reactions and isothermal reactions. A sensor element for use in the molecular sensor may comprise an alignable scaffold/receptor complex, the receptor of said complex comprising a nucleic acid sequence which is complementary to at least a portion of a target nucleic acid molecule.

A testing unit to test a liquid sample applied on a measurement surface in an indicator section on a test piece by using a brightness distribution. The testing unit comprises an irradiation part that irradiates the measurement surface with light; an imaging part that obtains images of the measurement surface; a generating part that generates a determination index based on the imaging data; and a determination part that executes determination on a measurement item, using the determination index. The determination index is based on a brightness of the measurement surface when the measurement surface does not include a specular reflection region. The determination index is based on a brightness of a remnant region of the measurement surface excluding the specular reflection region when it is determined that the measurement surface includes a specular reflection region.

The present disclosure is directed toward a target detector, a method of detecting a change in a target, target monitoring apparatus, and a method of monitoring a target. For example, a target detector includes a structure having a gain medium comprising a plurality of disordered nanostructure features and a target-sensitive material. In addition, for instance, the structure, when pumped, supports random lasing and exhibits a change in the gain of the gain medium and the random lasing in response to a change in the target. Accordingly, it is possible to use an appropriately fabricated random laser material as a detector or sensor for a target. In particular, example embodiments perform sensing operations by utilizing the properties of random lasing. That target may, for example, comprise a change in a physical parameter of an environment adjacent, surrounding or permeating the random laser material.

Multi-stage sample-recovery systems, including automated 2-stage and 3-stage sample-recovery systems, are provided. Such systems enable the rapid screening and recovery of samples, including viable cell-based samples, from high-throughput screening systems, including systems utilizing large-scale arrays of microcapillaries. In specific screening systems, each microcapillary comprises a solution containing a variant protein, an immobilized target molecule, and a reporter element. Immobilized target molecules may include any molecule of interest, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules. The association of a variant protein with a molecular target is assessed by measuring a signal from the reporter element. The contents of microcapillaries identified in the assays as containing variant proteins of interest can be identified and recovered using the multi-stage systems disclosed herein.

Certain embodiments are directed to sensors that enable the use of optimized biocompatible materials such as pre-anodized paper printed electrode transducer to detect binding of a target agent, wherein the surface is modified or functionalized through zero length cross-linker so that it interacts with or specifically binds a target such as sugars (glucose) or glycated proteins (HgbA1c).

Within a method for the determination of film-forming amines in liquids by adding a reacting agent with the amine to form a colored complex to be measured by photometric method for the reaction the pH of the liquid mixture is lowered by using hydrochloric acid.

Multi-stage sample-recovery systems, including automated 2-stage and 3-stage sample-recovery systems, are provided. Such systems enable the rapid screening and recovery of samples, including viable cell-based samples, from high-throughput screening systems, including systems utilizing large-scale arrays of microcapillaries. In specific screening systems, each microcapillary comprises a solution containing a variant protein, an immobilized target molecule, and a reporter element. Immobilized target molecules may include any molecule of interest, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules. The association of a variant protein with a molecular target is assessed by measuring a signal from the reporter element. The contents of microcapillaries identified in the assays as containing variant proteins of interest can be identified and recovered using the multi-stage systems disclosed herein.

A colorimetric component, comprising: a first photonic crystal, the first photonic crystal having a reflectance spectrum having a stopband in the range of visible light; and a first dye, the first dye being sensitive to a volatile compound, the volatile compound comprising at least one of a volatile organic compound (VOC) and a volatile sulfur compound (VSC), the first dye characterized as undergoing a change in molecular structure when contacted to the volatile compound, and the first photonic crystal and the first dye being selected such that the colorimetric component exhibits a change in visible color when contacted with the volatile compound.