A testing apparatus for onsite creation of cured sample liners necessary for confirming proper rehabilitation of pipelines includes a testing box having a base with a plurality of upstanding side walls defining an open upper end of the testing box. The testing box also includes an electrical power control assembly and an ultraviolet light assembly. A liner support manifold is shaped and dimensioned for supporting a sample liner and for attachment to the open upper end of the testing box for exposing the sample liner to pressure and ultraviolet light. In practice, and with the sample liner secured to the liner support manifold and the liner support manifold secured to the testing box, the sample liner is exposed to pressure and UV light in a highly controlled manner allowing for replication of actual in-line curing processing.

A sample of a material is placed into a measuring cell of a calorimeter consisting of upper and the lower parts connected with each other by a movable detachable tight connection. The cell is equipped with two coaxially arranged tubes capable of independent connection to external devices. An outer tube is connected to the upper part of the cell and an inner tube is connected to the lower part of the cell via the movable detachable tight connection and is movable. At least once a contact of the sample with vapor of a liquid is provided and heat of adsorption is measured, then contact of the sample with the same or another liquid is provided and heat of wetting of the sample by the same or the other liquid is measured.

A sample of porous material is placed in a calorimeter cell and a pressure in the cell is increased starting from a pressure value of a first step by filling the cell with a wetting fluid. Measurements are taken of a heat flow to the cell and a fluid volume at each step. Then, the pressure in the cell is decreased to the pressure value of a first step with continued measurements of the heat flow to the cell. Increase and following decrease of the fluid pressure in the cell are repeated at least once. Then a temperature in the cell is decreased below a wetting fluid crystallization point. Once the fluid has been fully crystallized in sample pores, the temperature in the cell is increased above a wetting fluid melting point. Wetting limiting angle of the pores filled with fluid, and pore sizes are determined based on the results of heat flow measurements with due consideration of heat effect of fluid compression.

The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods relate to estimating the rate of biodegradation of contaminants in the ground by measuring thermal gradients in the vadose zone where heat is produced by biodegradation reactions, and averaging over a full seasonal period, such as one year or one seasonal cycle, in which the groundwater temperatures and surface temperatures vary in a cyclical manner. Exemplary embodiments correct for the delay required by the heat being produced in the ground to reach the locations where the temperature gradients are measured, and also cancels out the signal noise caused by the changing surface and groundwater temperatures. In further embodiments, a mathematical model is a provided to test the validity of the invention on two example sites.

A method and system for calorimetrically measuring the temperature-dependent absorptivity of a homogeneous material dimensioned to be thin and flat with a predetermined uniform thickness and a predetermined porosity. The system includes a material holder adapted to support and thermally isolate the material to be measured, an irradiation source adapted to uniformly irradiate the material with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and an irradiation source controller adapted to control the irradiation source to uniformly heat the material during a heating period, followed by a cooling period when the material is not irradiated. A thermal sensor measures temperature of the material during the heating and cooling periods, and a computing system first calculates temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses of the material based on the measured temperature of the material during the cooling period when beam intensity is zero, followed by calculation of the temperature-dependent absorptivity of the material based on the temperature-dependent convective and radiative thermal losses determined from the cooling period.

There is provided a composition for topical application to the penis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, the composition being free of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sildenafil and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and comprising volatile and non-volatile solvents, the volatile solvents comprising a lower alcohol and water and the non-volatile solvents comprising a polyhydric alcohol and a glycol. Preferably, the composition does not contain any pharmaceutically active ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Also provided is a method of determining the cooling ability of a test composition, such as the composition described above.

There is provided a composition for topical application to the penis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, the composition being free of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sildenafil and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and comprising volatile and non-volatile solvents, the volatile solvents comprising a lower alcohol and water and the non-volatile solvents comprising a polyhydric alcohol and a glycol. Preferably, the composition does not contain any pharmaceutically active ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Also provided is a method of determining the cooling ability of a test composition, such as the composition described above.

There is provided a composition for topical application to the penis for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, the composition being free of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sildenafil and an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and comprising volatile and non-volatile solvents, the volatile solvents comprising a lower alcohol and water and the non-volatile solvents comprising a polyhydric alcohol and a glycol. Preferably, the composition does not contain any pharmaceutically active ingredients for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Also provided is a method of determining the cooling ability of a test composition, such as the composition described above.