Relative humidity or dew point temperature depending on changes in barometric pressure is measured without using any barometric pressure sensor. A humidity measuring device includes an elevation obtaining unit configured to obtain elevation of a humidity measurement point, a barometric pressure calculating unit configured to calculate barometric pressure at the humidity measurement point from a calculation formula into which a value of the elevation obtained by the elevation obtaining unit is input, and a humidity correcting unit configured to correct humidity on a basis of a barometric pressure value calculated by the barometric pressure calculating unit.

Integrated circuit package (ICP) with: (i) stored information pertaining to an amount and/or value of precious material present in the ICP; and (ii) sensor for detecting an amount of precious material present in the ICP. In some embodiments the ICP is embedded in a smart card for use with a smart card reader system that can communicate data to and/or from the ICP.

In an embodiment a method for operating a gas sensor arrangement includes generating a sensor current by a gas sensor, converting the sensor current into a digital comparator output signal in a charge balancing operation depending on a first clock signal, determining from the digital comparator output signal an asynchronous count comprising an integer number of counts depending on the first clock signal, determining from the digital comparator output signal a fractional time count depending on a second clock signal and calculating from the asynchronous count and from the fractional time count a digital output signal which is indicative of the sensor current generated by the gas sensor.

An electrochemical measurement system for monitoring a concrete structure having a reinforcement bar, including: at least six electrodes to contact the concrete structure's surface, including at least two emitting electrodes to inject electrical signals into the structure and at least four receiving electrodes combined in pairs, each pair receiving electrical signals, originating from an explored zone of the structure located beneath an axis connecting the electrode pairs with its depth depending on the distance between the two electrodes in the pair; an acquisition module to (i) control the electrodes and (ii) acquire and store in a memory the electrical signals; a processing module to calculate, for the electrical signals, induced polarization potential response value(s) and one apparent resistivity value; from these values, process output characteristic(s) of each explored zone; an image reconstruction module to generate an image of the distribution of the output characteristic(s) in the explored zones.

A magnetoresistive hydrogen sensor and sensing method thereof, wherein the hydrogen sensor comprises a substrate located in an X-Y plane, magnetoresistive sensing units and magnetoresistive reference units located on the substrate. The magnetoresistive sensing units are electrically connected to form a sensing arm, and the magnetoresistive reference units are electrically connected to form a reference arm. The sensing arm and the reference arm are electrically interconnected to form a referenced bridge structure. The magnetoresistive sensing units and the magnetoresistive reference units may be AMR units having the same magnetic multilayer thin film structure, GMR spin valves, or GMR multilayer film stacks having the same magnetic multilayer thin film structure. The magnetoresistive sensing units and the magnetoresistive reference units are respectively covered with a Pd layer, and a passivating insulation layer is deposited over the Pd layer of the magnetoresistive reference units. The magnetic multilayer thin film structure is made into a serpentine strip circuit by a semiconductor micromachining process. The hydrogen detecting method comprises placing the hydrogen sensor in a gas environment containing hydrogen, the Pd layers covering in the magnetoresistive sensing units absorb hydrogen to change the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic layers in the magnetic multilayer thin film structures of the magnetoresistance sensing units, which makes the magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic layer rotate to produce a change in the magnetoresistance value that correlates to the hydrogen concentration. The resulting change of the magnetoresistance value changes the output voltage value of the referenced bridge structure, and this change of the output voltage value of the referenced bridge structure is used to measure the hydrogen concentration.

An electromagnetic flowmeter and a method for measuring a property of a fluid composition are provided. The electromagnetic flowmeter includes a first electric conductor with first and second ends, arranged inside a fluid conduit carrying a fluid composition comprising hydrocarbons, an RF electric signal source, and a first dual signal detector including first and second input ports. The first terminal of the electric signal source is connected to the first end of the first electric conductor and arranged to induce an RF electromagnetic wave in the fluid conduit by supplying an input electric signal to the first end of the first electric conductor. The first and second ports of the signal detector are connected to the first and second ends of the first electric conductor, respectively.

A circuit for measuring the conductivity of a medical fluid, the circuit comprising: a data collecting cell through which a medical fluid is configured to flow; an input voltage source that provides an input voltage to the data collecting cell; a voltage measurement unit configured to measure the input voltage and an output voltage of the data collecting cell; and a switch in communication with the voltage measurement unit, the switch configured to switch between a first state in which the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure the input voltage and a second state in which the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure the output voltage of the data collecting cell.

Integrated circuit package (ICP) with: (i) stored information pertaining to an amount and/or value of precious material present in the ICP; and (ii) sensor for detecting an amount of precious material present in the ICP. In some embodiments the ICP is embedded in a smart card for use with a smart card reader system that can communicate data to and/or from the ICP.

According to one embodiment, a sensor includes a base body, and a first sensor part. The first sensor part includes fixed and movable electrode members, and first and second support members. The fixed electrode member includes a fixed electrode fixed to the base body. The movable electrode member includes a movable electrode. The movable electrode member includes first and second movable portions, and a third movable portion between the first and second movable portions. The first support member is fixed to the base body and connected with the first movable portion. The second support member is fixed to the base body and connected with the second movable portion. The first and second support members support the movable electrode member to provide a first gap between the fixed and movable electrode members. The fixed electrode member includes first, second, and third fixed electrode portions facing the movable portion.

Disclosed are a method and system for detecting a concentration of an analyte based on an oscillator having a selective frequency characteristic. The method may include generating a fringing field, generating various resonant frequencies by changing a resistance value of a resistor-capacitor (RC) oscillator, measuring a change in each of the various resonant frequencies generated by the RC oscillator based on a change in capacitance attributable to a change in an analyte within a region of the fringing field, and measuring a change characteristic of the analyte within the fringing field based on the change in each of the various resonant frequencies.