Fluid sensor and method comprising: an oscillator having operating characteristics. Permittivity sensing element coupled to the oscillator and arranged to alter the operating characteristics of the oscillator in response to changes in permittivity presented to the permittivity sensing element. Reference element comprising an electrical impedance having a real and imaginary component controllably coupled to both the oscillator and the permittivity sensing element and arranged to alter the operating characteristics of the oscillator. Method of measuring the composition of a fuel comprising the steps of: measuring a real permittivity of the fuel. Measuring an imaginary permittivity of the fuel. Determining a proportion of biodiesel in the fuel based on the measured real permittivity. Determining a proportion of unrefined oil in the fuel based on the measured imaginary permittivity.

A deformable sleeve (100) is provided configured to at least partially encase a bottle from which a liquid is dispensable upon pressing the sleeve (100), the sleeve (100) comprising a first sensor (7) configured to measure a force applied onto the sleeve (100) and a second sensor (8) configured to measure a permittivity of a content encased by the sleeve (100). In addition, a measurement unit (300) is provided configured to be mounted on the sleeve (100), the measurement unit (300) comprising a processing unit (37) configured to determine at least one parameter associated with the bottle based on at least one of a signal of the first sensor (7) and a signal of the second sensor (8). A corresponding method of retrievably storing the at least one parameter is also provided.

The present invention concerns an elongated capacitive sensor for fluid monitoring. The sensor comprising: a fibre support made of a dielectric material or dielectric composite material; and a first electrode and a second electrode arranged longitudinally along the fibre support, the first and second electrodes forming together with the fibre support a capacitive sensing element whose capacitance is dependent upon one or more electrical properties of one or more materials inside the support and/or outside the support, and/or is dependent upon a change of materials configuration and associated overall change of one or more electrical properties inside the support and/or outside the support.

According to various embodiments, a sensor arrangement for particle analysis may include: a base electrode configured to generate an electrical field for particle attraction; a support layer disposed over the base electrode; a sensor array disposed over the support layer and including or formed from a plurality of sensor elements, wherein each sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements is configured to generate or modify an electrical signal in response to a particle at least one of adsorbed to and approaching the sensor element; and an electrical contact structure may include or be formed from a plurality of contact lines, wherein each contact line of the plurality of contact lines is electrically connected to a respective sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements, such that each sensor element of the plurality of sensor elements is addressable via the contact structure.

The sensor includes a filter member including cells that trap PM in exhaust gas; electrode members arranged to face each other with the cell interposed and forming a capacitor, an electric heater that executes, when an amount of PM has accumulated in the cells, filter regeneration of heating the cells to combust and remove the PM, a storage unit that stores a reference reduction amount, which is an electrostatic capacitance reduction amount between the electrode members in a case where the filter regeneration is executed in a state where the PM is not flowing into the filter member, and estimation units that estimate a PM amount based on (a) an actual electrostatic capacitance change amount between the electrode members during a regeneration interval period, and (b) a difference between an actual electrostatic capacitance reduction amount between the electrode members and the reference reduction amount during a filter regeneration period.

Methods and systems are provided for characterizing formation water salinity of subsurface formation using multifrequency permittivity data over a range of frequencies below 1 MHz. The multifrequency permittivity data is processed to determine salinity of formation water contained in the subsurface formation. Other useful formation properties (such as formation water saturation) can be determined based on the formation water salinity.

A method of evaluating a solid fraction of a target pharmaceutical sample by means of a solid fraction sensor is disclosed with the solid fraction sensor including a first conductor element, a second conductor element, an operation space and an energy source arranged to generate an electric field in the operation space by means of the first conductor element and the second conductor element. The method including positioning the target pharmaceutical sample in the operation space of the solid fraction sensor, determining a capacitance between the first and second conductor element with the target pharmaceutical sample located in the operation space, and converting the determined capacitance together with information about a composition of a reference pharmaceutical sample having the essentially same dielectric properties as the target pharmaceutical sample and about a thickness of the reference pharmaceutical sample into a solid fraction of the target pharmaceutical sample.

A charge potential distributed over a vehicle body resulting from the contact, separation, and friction between a tire and a road surface is detected by a detecting unit provided with a sensing electrode that is disposed on the external surface of the vehicle body, a reference electrode that is disposed apart from the external surface of the vehicle body with a space therebetween, and a sensor amplifier that senses a potential between the sensing electrode and the reference electrode as a signal and amplifies the signal. And the amplitude of the charge potential detected by the detecting unit is monitored by a data processing unit, thereby making it possible to accurately identify not only the state of the road surface but also an internal pressure state of the tire, a wear state of the tire, and the like during vehicular travel.

A complete decreased mistake-proof high-reliability waterproofing system is revealed that integrates the waterproofing membrane, drain panel, and abrasion-protected filter fabric, using a factory-controlled process; furthermore, the system incorporates intrinsic devices for installation verification and leak-detection, and the potential for in situ mapping of the functional topography of the waterproofing installation over time.

The technical solution relates to measurement technology and is intended for measuring the dielectric permittivity and moisture of highly conductive loose, paste-like and fluid materials such as saline slurry, anthracite, ore, crude oil and oil sludge. The present method is based on using a sensor configured as a segment of a long transmission line, and involves feeding a high-frequency probing signal from a generator that is swept through a range of frequencies to an input of the sensor, and measuring harmonic frequencies at which a length of a signal conductor of the sensor is equal to or a multiple of a half-wavelength of the probing signal in the material filling the sensor. The harmonic frequencies are determined based on a voltage minimum at an output of a detector configured as a phase discriminator, the output voltage of which attains a minimum when input signals of the detector are either in-phase or antiphase. Inputs of the detector are coupled to an input and output of the sensor via segments of a coaxial cable which have the same electrical length, said segments being matched at the outputs. Designs for a moisture meter for carrying out the above method are proposed. For the purpose of carrying out measurements in pipelines, the sensor is configured as a conduit having the signal conductor arranged therein. For loose materials in hoppers and on conveyor belts, the sensor is configured as a shield which a U-shaped rod is secured to. The technical result is an increase of measurement accuracy.