A sensor for detecting electrically conductive and/or polarizable particles, in particular for detecting soot particles, includes a substrate and at least two electrode layers, a first electrode layer and at least one second electrode layer, which is arranged between the substrate and the first electrode layer. At least one insulation layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the at least one second electrode layer and at least one opening is formed in both the first electrode layer and the at least one insulation layer. At least some sections of the opening in the first electrode layer and of the opening in the insulation layer are arranged one above the other, such that at least one passage is formed to the second electrode layer.

According to various implementations, an apparatus for electromagnetic impedance spectrographic characterization of a material under test (MUT) includes: a planar array of at least two electrodes configured to be placed in electromagnetic communication with the MUT, wherein during operation of the planar array, at least one of the electrodes comprises a transmitting electrode for transmitting an electromagnetic signal over a range of frequencies through the MUT to at least one receiving electrode in the planar array; and a backer ground plate at least partially surrounding the at least two electrodes, the backer ground plate being electrically grounded and insulated from the at least two electrodes, wherein the backer ground plate extends from a plane formed by the at least two electrodes and separates the at least two electrodes to create an electrically isolated volume proximate to the at least two electrodes.

An assembly comprising an upstream pipe, a downstream pipe, and a system (1) for measuring variation in the gas content of a two-phase flow, the assembly comprising:

an insulating sheath (6), an upstream ground (2), a measurement electrode (3), a guard electrode (7), and a downstream ground (4) arranged in succession in said insulating sheath (6) and each presenting an identical internal section defining an internal flow duct for a two-phase flow from the upstream ground (2) towards the downstream ground (4) in line with the upstream pipe and the downstream pipe, the guard electrode (7) being subjected to the same potential as the measurement electrode (3), the measurement electrode (3) measuring the capacitance of the two-phase flow relative to the upstream ground (2) and variation in that capacitance, the upstream ground (2) and the downstream ground (4) being electrically connected to the upstream pipe and to the downstream pipe, respectively.

An integrated circuit (IC) with an impedance sensor fabricated on a surface of the substrate is disclosed. The impedance sensor includes a bottom conductive plate formed on the substrate. A sensing membrane is formed on the bottom conductive plate. A top conductive plate is formed on the sensing membrane, in which the top conductive plate is a fusion of conductive nanoparticles having a random three dimensional porosity that is permeable to a reagent.

Systems and methods related to a flow meter and/or flow meter operation can include one or more sensors and be capable of detecting parameters of the fluid flowing the flowmeter. One or more sensors can include capacitive sensors having a plurality of electrodes and configured to detect capacitive properties of a fluid flowing through the flow meter. Detected changes in detected properties of the fluid can be evidence of important changes in the fluid, such as an out of product event or a contamination of the fluid.

A sensor is configured to measure the carbon dioxide concentration in a gas mixture. The sensor has a dielectric layer arranged between a layer-like first electrode and a layer-like second electrode. The second electrode is a composite electrode that has at least one carbonate and/or one phosphate as first material and at least one metal as second material. This sensor can be manufactured by a method comprising applying a layer-like first electrode to a substrate, applying a dielectric layer to the first electrode, and applying a layer-like second electrode to the dielectric layer. The second electrode is applied as a composite electrode that has at least one carbonate and/or one phosphate as first material and has at least one second material that has an electrical conductivity of more than 10-2 S/m.

The present invention refers to a system comprising microfluidic devices of extraction, capacitance analysis, together with the smartphone-controlled potentiostat, consisting of a portable system that can be applied on offshore platforms and offering an analytical procedure that requires low levels of samples and chemical ingredients. In addition, the assembly provides the in loco, fast analysis of species having fouling features with high analytical frequency. The ability to carry out these analyzes in low BSW oils represents a strong analytical improvement view of the technical difficulties observed in traditional methods that use liquid-liquid extraction. Thus, the possibility of quickly predicting the ionic composition profile of these water samples becomes a strategy for monitoring, control and decision-making actions in the production chain, making it possible to establish more appropriate fouling inhibition strategies, enabling more proactive actions rather than reactive ones to be taken by the operator. Therefore, unscheduled production stops caused by fouling in the production system are prevented.

A gas sensing device comprising a substrate comprising an etched cavity portion and a substrate portion, a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a dielectric membrane, wherein the dielectric membrane is adjacent to the etched cavity portion of the substrate, a heater located within the dielectric layer; a material for sensing a gas; and one or more polysilicon electrodes coupled with the material for sensing a gas.

A sensor for measuring multiple properties of a fluid, such as oil, including level, temperature, water contamination, and dielectric where the sensing elements include two or more interdigitated electrodes, a capacitive relative humidity sensor, and a temperature sensing element.

A monolithic gas-sensing chip assembly for sensing a gas analyte includes a sensing material to detect the gas analyte, a sensing system including a resistor-capacitor electrical circuit, and a heating element. A sensing circuit measures an electrical response of the sensing system to an alternating electrical current applied to the sensing system at (a) one or more different frequencies, or (b) one or more different resistor-capacitor configurations of the system. One or more processors control a low detection range of the system to the gas, a high detection range of the system to the gas, a linearity of a response of the system to the gas, a dynamic range of measurements of the gas by the system, a rejection of interfering gas analytes by the system, a correction for aging or poisoning of the system, or a rejection of ambient interferences that may affect the electrical response of the system.