Systems and methods for speciation of chemicals of interest with inline and automatic dilution or addition of other fluids prior to or following speciation with subsequent analysis by ICP instruments are described. A system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, a first valve having a first valve configuration to receive a sample into a holding loop coupled to the first valve and a second valve configuration to transfer the sample from the holding loop; and a second valve having a first valve configuration configured to receive the sample from the first valve and direct the sample to a speciation column to separate one or more species of the sample, the second valve further including a fluid addition port configured to receive a fluid into the second valve to mix with the sample after the sample exits the speciation column.

A liquid chromatography method for identifying an analyte of interest utilizing as retention index standards a homologous series of neutrally charged compounds having at least one functional group bearing a positive charge and at least one functional group bearing a negative charge. The method is especially useful for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, more especially for LC-MS methods employing electrospray (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ionization systems.

A process for identifying an unknown compound in a sample includes matching a peak in a primary Fourier Transform Infrared spectral region of the sample spectrum with reference spectra in the same spectral region to generate an initial list of potential candidates, based, for example on goodness of fit criteria. The initial list can be reduced by retention time information and/or global peak matching techniques that analyze the sample spectrum in regions outside the primary region.

A GC sample carbon ladder is generated with the help of one or more of the following techniques: correction of solvent effects; fit analysis of the spectrum obtained for a target member of the carbon ladder and a reference spectrum; fit analysis of a sample carbon ladder in comparison with reference spectral features; constraints for proper order of elution; and/or inclusion of all members in a selected carbon ladder set.

The invention relates to a standard solution for inverse gas chromatography and/or surface energy analysis; a volumetric container for preparing such a standard solution; a method of preparing such a standard solution for inverse gas chromatography and/or a surface energy analysis and a method of probing a solid sample. The standard solution comprises a series of three or more compounds of increasing carbon chain length of general formula (I): RX wherein: for the three or more compounds R is a series of alkyl, a series of alkenyl or a series of alkynyl groups of increasing carbon chain length; and for all three or more compounds X is H, OH, CO.sub.2H, C(O)H, C(O)CH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, SH or halogen; and the relationship between carbon chain length and volume of the compounds of increasing carbon chain length of general formula (I) is determined by the following formula.

Parts are exposed to liquid chromatography to generate a corresponding chromatogram, wherein the chromatogram is compared to a chromatogram of a genuine part to determine if the tested part is suspect counterfeit. Depending on the selected predetermined target analytes, the generated chromatogram can be used to assess an associated manufacturing process as conforming or non-conforming.

Provided herein are definitive screening techniques for qualitatively and quantitatively detecting analytes in biological specimens.

Disclosed is to provide a plastic reference material and a manufacturing method thereof. The plastic reference material made by dispersing at least one chemical substance in a plastic substrate, and used for analyzing a concentration of the chemical substance, wherein the plastic reference material is of a granular shape and includes an average value for each maximum diameter of fifty or more of the plastic reference materials being within a range of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, and a largest difference between the maximum diameters and the average value being equal to or less than 0.2 mm, and an average value of each weight of equal to or more than fifty plastic reference materials being within a range of 0.1 mg to 0.5 mg, and a largest difference between the weights and the average value being equal to or less than 0.1 mg.

A pseudo internal standard method, device and application for mass spectrometry quantitative analysis is disclosed.

A method of detecting an analyte by: providing a derivatizing agent that is reactive with the analyte; delivering the derivatizing agent into a chamber; delivering a sample of a gas suspected of containing the analyte into the chamber before or after delivering the derivatizing agent, while the chamber is maintained at a temperature that retains the derivatizing agent and any analyte and that allows reaction between the derivatizing agent and any analyte in the chamber to form a derivatized analyte; warming the chamber to cause evaporation of any derivatized analyte; and delivering the derivatized analyte in the chamber into a gas chromatograph column.